Terms Flashcards
After load
The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle.
Location of Apical pulse
Point of maximal impulse
Fifth intercostal space, left of the midclavicular line, caused by contraction of left ventricle.
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute.
Depolarization
Electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell.
Ejection fraction
Percentage of the end diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat.
Hypertension b/p values
= or >140/90
High blood pressure categories
Pre-hypertension: SBP: 120-139 / DBP: 80-89
STAGE 1 HTN: SBP: 140-159 / DBP: 90-99
STAGE 2 HTN: SBP ≥ 160 / DBP ≥ 100
Hypotensive
A decrease in b/p to less than 100/60 the COMPROMISES perfusion
normal heart sounds
Sounds produced when the valves close; normal heart sounds are S1 (atrioventricular valves) and S2 (semilunar valves).
opening snaps
abnormal diastolic sound generated during opening of a rigid atrioventricular valve leaflet
postural (orthostatic) hypotension:
a significant drop in blood pressure (20 mm Hg systolic or more) after an upright posture is assumed.
preload
degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole.
pulmonary vascular resistance:
resistance to blood flow out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system
pulse deficit:
the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates.
repolarization
return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell.
S1 heart sound
The first heart sound produced my closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid).
S2 heart sound
The second heart sound produced by closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).
S3
An abnormal heart sound detected early in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle; most often due to volume overload associated with heart failure
S4 heart sound
an abnormal heart sound detected late in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle during atrial contraction; most often caused by hypertrophy of the ventricle.
Stroke volume
Amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heart beat.
summation gallop
abnormal sounds created by the presence of an S3 and S4 during periods of tachycardia.
systemic vascular resistance:
resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle created by the systemic circulatory system
systole
period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
systolic click:
abnormal systolic sound created by the opening of a calcified aortic or pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction.
