Terms

Question 1

After load

Answer 1

The amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle.

Question 2

Location of Apical pulse

Point of maximal impulse

Answer 2

Fifth intercostal space, left of the midclavicular line, caused by contraction of left ventricle.

Question 3

Cardiac output

Answer 3

Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute.

Question 4

Depolarization

Answer 4

Electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell.

Question 5

Ejection fraction

Answer 5

Percentage of the end diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat.

Question 6

Hypertension b/p values

Answer 6

= or >140/90

Question 7

High blood pressure categories

Answer 7

Pre-hypertension: SBP: 120-139 / DBP: 80-89

STAGE 1 HTN: SBP: 140-159 / DBP: 90-99

STAGE 2 HTN: SBP ≥ 160 / DBP ≥ 100

Question 8

Hypotensive

Answer 8

A decrease in b/p to less than 100/60 the COMPROMISES perfusion

Question 9

normal heart sounds

Answer 9

Sounds produced when the valves close; normal heart sounds are S1 (atrioventricular valves) and S2 (semilunar valves).

Question 10

opening snaps

Answer 10

abnormal diastolic sound generated during opening of a rigid atrioventricular valve leaflet

Question 11

postural (orthostatic) hypotension:

Answer 11

a significant drop in blood pressure (20 mm Hg systolic or more) after an upright posture is assumed.

Question 12

preload

Answer 12

degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole.

Question 13

pulmonary vascular resistance:

Answer 13

resistance to blood flow out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system

Question 14

pulse deficit:

Answer 14

the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates.

Question 15

repolarization

Answer 15

return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell.

Question 16

S1 heart sound

Answer 16

The first heart sound produced my closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid).

Question 17

S2 heart sound

Answer 17

The second heart sound produced by closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).

Question 18

S3

Answer 18

An abnormal heart sound detected early in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle; most often due to volume overload associated with heart failure

Question 19

S4 heart sound

Answer 19

an abnormal heart sound detected late in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle during atrial contraction; most often caused by hypertrophy of the ventricle.

Question 20

Stroke volume

Answer 20

Amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heart beat.

Question 21

summation gallop

Answer 21

abnormal sounds created by the presence of an S3 and S4 during periods of tachycardia.

Question 22

systemic vascular resistance:

Answer 22

resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle created by the systemic circulatory system

Question 23

systole

Answer 23

period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta.

Question 24

systolic click:

Answer 24

abnormal systolic sound created by the opening of a calcified aortic or pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction.