terms Flashcards
Democracy
a government that is controlled by the people who live under it
Civil Rights
the rights of a citizen
Magna Carta
the Great Charter which guaranteed the English people certain civil rights
Monarch
a king or queen
Civil War
a war between citizens of the same country
Republic
a country without a monarch
Constitutional Monarchy
a monarchy in which the monarch rules according to the constitution and laws of the nation
Protestant
any Christian not belonging to the Roman Catholic or
Orthodox Eastern Church
Church of England
the established church in England, headed by the monarch
Puritans
The Puritans were a very large and powerful group among the dissenting Protestants. They were Calvinists and believed that churches and church services should be simple and plain. They wore dark clothes, and led very sober lives.
Witches
witches were known as the ‘personification of the devil’. Puritans were especially suspicious of women. According to their beliefs, women were responsible for original sin and were less able to resist temptation than men. Suspicion fell on anyone who did not seem to fit into society.
Absolute Monarchs
a king, queen, emperor, or empress with unlimited power
James I
He was the king of Scotland for twenty years before he became king of England. His son was Charles I. He tried to introduce the Divine Right of Kings which did not leave a good impression on his new subjects. He selected people with lacking ability to be advisors and gave them titles, such as the Duke of Buckingham. In doing so, he insulted many of the other nobles in the land. He was allied with the Church of England, and disliked the Puritans. He died of stomach problems in 1625.
Divine Right of Kings
James believed in the Divine Right of Kings. He believed that his powers as ruler came directly from God, and that he was God’s representative on earth.
Book of sports
Knowing that Puritans were extremely devout and opposed to entertainment on Sunday, James published a Book of Sports, which encouraged people to play games and have fun on Sunday
Charles I
Charles believed in the Divine Right of Kings, just like his father. He constantly needed money but refused to go with parliament. So he would search for ways to rule without them. He brought back a fee called ‘ship money’ where people pay money to the king to provide warships for the navy. Presbyterian members out of parliament charged the king with treason and put him on trial for his life.
Duke of Buckingham
The Duke of Buckingham was James and Charles’ favourite. He was greatly despised and lead the king into disaster after another, including wars with France and Spain. The Duke of Buckingham was assassinated.
Ship money
Ship money was a fee that people payed to the king in order to provide warships for the navy
Loans
to borrow a sum of money. Charles forced people to make loans to the crown
Billeting
to require homeowners to provide food and lodging for soldiers
Court of Star Chamber
a royal court in which people had no legal rights. Charles used this court to convict, imprison, and fine his enemies.
Petition of Right
The Petition of Right was a new charter. Parliament told the king it would grant no money until the king ceased his illegal activities and signed it. But Charles decided to rule without it
Lord Strafford
When Charles asked Lord Strafford to achieve his goals, Strafford found many ways of obtaining money for the king, that his methods became known as “Strafford’s Fork”. When Charles gave into parliaments demand, Strafford was turned over to parliament and executed
Bishop Laud
Laud also helped alongside Stratford to help obtain money for Charles. He was very unpopular and was also executed alongside Strafford when Charles gave into parliament.
Scottish Revolt
Charles tried to make Scotland follow the ways of the Church of England so they revolted against him
Short Parliament
Charles called parliament because he needed money. In 1640, the “Short Parliament” sympathized with the Scots, and Charles angrily shut it down within three weeks.
Long Parliament
After the short parliament he called a new parliament. it sat for 13 years but was worse than the short parliament because it demanded that both Strafford and Laud be removed from power and punished.
Grand Remonstrance
The Grand Remonstrance proposed to change the role of the king in government, and to remove many of his powers.
House of Commons
The house of commons were members of parliament that Charles tried to invade and arrest the leaders.
Royalists
Many of Charles’s supporters, called “Royalists” or “Cavaliers,” came from noble families and were used to fighting and riding.
Militia
Parliament’s troops were local militia—farmers and townspeople with almost no military experience.
Parliament’s Alliance
Parliament made an alliance with the Scots. The leader of this “New Model Army,” was Oliver Cromwell.
New Model Army
The new model army was the alliance parliament had with the scots. The leader was Oliver Cromwell. The new soldiers, called “Roundheads” (because they cut their hair short—many Cavaliers wore long curls), were highly disciplined
Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan who believed absolutely in parliament’s cause. He was the leader of the new model army. He died in 1658
Rump Parliament
people who voted against the grand remonstrance left parliament to fight for the king which left parliament in the hands of presbyterians and puritans who often disagreed on things.
Treason Trial
in 1649 Charles was on trial for treason. He was on trial for trying to overthrow himself. on the January day of execution he put on 2 shirts and ate some food then at one o’clock he was executed.
Charles’ Defence
Charles refused to plead guilty or not guilty because he believed he could not be a traitor to himself.
Commonwealth
The english republic
Lord Protector
The Lord Protector was the military dictator of England. Senior army officers named Olivier Cromwell the lord protector
Blue Laws
strict laws
Restoration
After Cromwell died, the old parliament dissolved itself and called an election for a new one. The people of England liked this parliament and were happy when Charles II returned as king.
Charles II
Charles II was Charles I son. He wanted to make sure that he had a majority of supporters and he did this through persuasion, bribery, and blackmail. Charles was a fun-loving person whose lifestyle was often scandalous. Charles II died in 1685
Test Act
an act forbidding anyone except members of the Church of England from holding political office or entering the professions
James II
James II was Charles II brother. He was openly catholic and he intended to return England to the Catholic fold. He also believed in the Divine Right of Kings
William and Mary of Orange
Mary was James II daughter and her husband was William of Orange. Parliament invited them to be king and queen and they agreed to do so.
Glorious Revolution
James II and his supporters began to flee the country and Mary and William became king and queen. This was known as the Glorious Revolution because for the first time, the monarch was chosen by parliament, and not hereditary right
