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Neuroscience 204 > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abducens

A

Nerve supplying the muscle that moves the direction of gaze away from the midline

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2
Q

Ambiguus

A

Cranial nucleus occupying a ventral position

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3
Q

Arachnoid

A

Meningeal layer forming the outer boundary of the subarachnoid space

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4
Q

Area postrema

A

Area in the caudal part of the floor of the 4th ventricle

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5
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Sensory nerve terminal stimulated by changes in pressure

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6
Q

Crus cerebri

A

Ventral part of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain on each side, separated from the dorsal part by the substantia nigra

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7
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Clusters of neurons, which include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus & substantia nigra. Important role in movement

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8
Q

Broca’s area

A

Area in frontal lobe (usually left hemisphere) responsible for production of words, word sounds…

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9
Q

Brodmann Area 17

A

Primary visual cortex
Located in occipital lobe
AKA striate cortex

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10
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Part of corpus striatum

Has a long extension (‘tail’)

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11
Q

Central sulcus

A

Major groove dividing the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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12
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Fluid surrounding brain & spinal cord, providing nutrients to nerve tissue, removing cellular waste products & cushioning the brain

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13
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Cortical structure directly over corpus callosum.

Emotion & attention

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14
Q

Circumventricular organs

A

Small regions composed of atypical brain tissue in walls of 3rd & 4th ventricles.
Lack blood-brain-barrier
Neurosecretory or chemoreceptor function

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15
Q

Claustrum

A

Thin sheet of grey matter (function unknown) between lentiform nucleus & insula

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16
Q

Colliculus

A

Small elevation/mound.

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17
Q

Corona radiata

A

Fibres radiating from internal capsule to various parts of cerebral cortex

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18
Q

Corpus striatum

A

Mass of grey matter with motor functions at the base of each cerebral hemisphere

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19
Q

Endoneurium

A

Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual nerve fibres.

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20
Q

Epineurium

A

Connective tissue sheath surrounding peripheral nerve

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21
Q

Epithalamus

A

Region of diencephalon about thalamus

Includes pineal gland

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22
Q

Diencephalon

A

Part of cerebrum: thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus & hypothalamus

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23
Q

Fornix

A

Efferent tract of hippocampal formation, arching over thalamus & terminating in mammillary body

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24
Q

Genu

A

Anterior end of corpus callosum

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25
Genu
Anterior end of corpus callosum
26
Globus pallidus
Medial part of lentiform nucleus of corpus striatum. A nucleus of basal ganglia Coordination of voluntary movement
27
Gracilis
Fasciculus gracilis of spinal cord & medulla, nucleus gracilis & gracile tubercle of medulla
28
Hippocampus
Name given to a gyrus that constitutes an important part of the limbic system. Produces an elevation on the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Important for learning & memory
29
Hypothalamus
Region of diencephalon regulating activities of internal organs, the ANS & pituitary gland
30
Infarction
Regional death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply
31
Lentiform
Nucleus, part of the corpus striatum
32
Locus coeruleus
2 small dark spots on the floor of the 4th ventricle
33
Macroglia
Larger types of neuroglial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes & ependymal cells
34
Mammillary bodies
Swellings on ventral surface of hypothalamus. | AKA 'massa intermedia' or 'interthalamic adhesion'
35
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
36
Motor cortex
Part of the brain responsible for executing movements of the body. Location: frontal cortex
37
Nociceptive
Responsive to injurious stimuli
38
Oligodendrocyte
Neuroglia cell forming myelin sheath in CNS
39
Olive
Oval bulging of the lateral area of medulla
40
Perineurium
Connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of nerve fibres in a peripheral nerve
41
Precentral gyrus
Gyrus anterior to central sulcus | Site of primary motor cortex
42
Premotor cortex
Region of cortex in frontal lobe | Sensory guidance of movement
43
Primary motor cortex
Area in frontal lobe which is directly involved in producing muscle contraction
44
Primary somatosensory cortex
Region receiving tactile information
45
Proprioceptor
Sensory ending in muscles, tendons & joints | Provides information concerning movement & position of parts of the body
46
Putamen
Larger & lateral part of lentiform nucleus corpus striatum
47
Raphe
Anatomical structure in the midline.
48
Rostrum of corpus callosum
Passes backwards from genu to lamina terminalis
49
Septum pellucidum
Triangular double membrane between frontal horns of lateral ventricles
50
Somatosensory
Information perceived through sensory organs in skin: tactile, temperature, pressure & position information
51
Splenium
Thickened posterior extremity of corpus callosum
52
Stria terminalis
Slender strand of fibres running along the medial side of the tail of the caudate nucleus
53
Substantia gelatinosa
Column of small neurons at apex of dorsal grey horn throughout spinal cord
54
Substantia nigra
Large nucleus with motor functions in the midbrain
55
Tapetum
Fibres of corpus callosum sweeping over lateral ventricle & forming lateral wall of temporal horn
56
Tectum
Roof of midbrain: superior & inferior colliculi
57
Tegmentum
Dorsal portion of the pons between substantia nigra & tectum
58
Thalamus
Structure consisting of 2 egg-shaped masses of nerve tissue. | Relay station for sensory information flowing in.
59
Threshold
The point at which a stimulus brings about a response
60
Uvula
'Little grape' - part of inferior vermis of cerebellum
61
Vallecula
Midline depression on inferior aspect of cerebellum
62
Wernicke's area
``` Area in left temporal lobe Language comprehension (words are associated with their meaning) ```

Neuroscience 204 (10 decks)

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