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Neuroscience 204 > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abducens

A

Nerve supplying the muscle that moves the direction of gaze away from the midline

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2
Q

Ambiguus

A

Cranial nucleus occupying a ventral position

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3
Q

Arachnoid

A

Meningeal layer forming the outer boundary of the subarachnoid space

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4
Q

Area postrema

A

Area in the caudal part of the floor of the 4th ventricle

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5
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Sensory nerve terminal stimulated by changes in pressure

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6
Q

Crus cerebri

A

Ventral part of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain on each side, separated from the dorsal part by the substantia nigra

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7
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Clusters of neurons, which include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus & substantia nigra. Important role in movement

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8
Q

Broca’s area

A

Area in frontal lobe (usually left hemisphere) responsible for production of words, word sounds…

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9
Q

Brodmann Area 17

A

Primary visual cortex
Located in occipital lobe
AKA striate cortex

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10
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Part of corpus striatum

Has a long extension (‘tail’)

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11
Q

Central sulcus

A

Major groove dividing the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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12
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Fluid surrounding brain & spinal cord, providing nutrients to nerve tissue, removing cellular waste products & cushioning the brain

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13
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Cortical structure directly over corpus callosum.

Emotion & attention

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14
Q

Circumventricular organs

A

Small regions composed of atypical brain tissue in walls of 3rd & 4th ventricles.
Lack blood-brain-barrier
Neurosecretory or chemoreceptor function

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15
Q

Claustrum

A

Thin sheet of grey matter (function unknown) between lentiform nucleus & insula

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16
Q

Colliculus

A

Small elevation/mound.

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17
Q

Corona radiata

A

Fibres radiating from internal capsule to various parts of cerebral cortex

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18
Q

Corpus striatum

A

Mass of grey matter with motor functions at the base of each cerebral hemisphere

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19
Q

Endoneurium

A

Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual nerve fibres.

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20
Q

Epineurium

A

Connective tissue sheath surrounding peripheral nerve

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21
Q

Epithalamus

A

Region of diencephalon about thalamus

Includes pineal gland

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22
Q

Diencephalon

A

Part of cerebrum: thalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus & hypothalamus

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23
Q

Fornix

A

Efferent tract of hippocampal formation, arching over thalamus & terminating in mammillary body

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24
Q

Genu

A

Anterior end of corpus callosum

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25
Q

Genu

A

Anterior end of corpus callosum

26
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Medial part of lentiform nucleus of corpus striatum.
A nucleus of basal ganglia
Coordination of voluntary movement

27
Q

Gracilis

A

Fasciculus gracilis of spinal cord & medulla, nucleus gracilis & gracile tubercle of medulla

28
Q

Hippocampus

A

Name given to a gyrus that constitutes an important part of the limbic system.
Produces an elevation on the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle.
Important for learning & memory

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Region of diencephalon regulating activities of internal organs, the ANS & pituitary gland

30
Q

Infarction

A

Regional death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply

31
Q

Lentiform

A

Nucleus, part of the corpus striatum

32
Q

Locus coeruleus

A

2 small dark spots on the floor of the 4th ventricle

33
Q

Macroglia

A

Larger types of neuroglial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes & ependymal cells

34
Q

Mammillary bodies

A

Swellings on ventral surface of hypothalamus.

AKA ‘massa intermedia’ or ‘interthalamic adhesion’

35
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

36
Q

Motor cortex

A

Part of the brain responsible for executing movements of the body.
Location: frontal cortex

37
Q

Nociceptive

A

Responsive to injurious stimuli

38
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Neuroglia cell forming myelin sheath in CNS

39
Q

Olive

A

Oval bulging of the lateral area of medulla

40
Q

Perineurium

A

Connective tissue sheath surrounding a bundle of nerve fibres in a peripheral nerve

41
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Gyrus anterior to central sulcus

Site of primary motor cortex

42
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Region of cortex in frontal lobe

Sensory guidance of movement

43
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Area in frontal lobe which is directly involved in producing muscle contraction

44
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Region receiving tactile information

45
Q

Proprioceptor

A

Sensory ending in muscles, tendons & joints

Provides information concerning movement & position of parts of the body

46
Q

Putamen

A

Larger & lateral part of lentiform nucleus corpus striatum

47
Q

Raphe

A

Anatomical structure in the midline.

48
Q

Rostrum of corpus callosum

A

Passes backwards from genu to lamina terminalis

49
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

Triangular double membrane between frontal horns of lateral ventricles

50
Q

Somatosensory

A

Information perceived through sensory organs in skin: tactile, temperature, pressure & position information

51
Q

Splenium

A

Thickened posterior extremity of corpus callosum

52
Q

Stria terminalis

A

Slender strand of fibres running along the medial side of the tail of the caudate nucleus

53
Q

Substantia gelatinosa

A

Column of small neurons at apex of dorsal grey horn throughout spinal cord

54
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Large nucleus with motor functions in the midbrain

55
Q

Tapetum

A

Fibres of corpus callosum sweeping over lateral ventricle & forming lateral wall of temporal horn

56
Q

Tectum

A

Roof of midbrain: superior & inferior colliculi

57
Q

Tegmentum

A

Dorsal portion of the pons between substantia nigra & tectum

58
Q

Thalamus

A

Structure consisting of 2 egg-shaped masses of nerve tissue.

Relay station for sensory information flowing in.

59
Q

Threshold

A

The point at which a stimulus brings about a response

60
Q

Uvula

A

‘Little grape’ - part of inferior vermis of cerebellum

61
Q

Vallecula

A

Midline depression on inferior aspect of cerebellum

62
Q

Wernicke’s area

A 
Area in left temporal lobe
Language comprehension (words are associated with their meaning)

Neuroscience 204 (10 decks)

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