Terms Flashcards
Hegemony
dominant beliefs or ideals that are taken for granted and thus naturalized in a culture at any given time
Albeism
privileges able-bodied people over disabled people through everyday practices, attitudes, assumptions and discrimination
Ageism
privileges some people over others based on age through everyday practices, attitudes, assumptions, behaviours, and institutional rules
Activism
The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change
androgynous
self-ascribed state of embodiment among individuals rejecting the binary structure of woman and man or having both male and female charcteristics
asexual
individuals not interested in sexual expression or practice
binary
two opposite terms in which one may be subordinated to the other
ex. binaries of male/female, modern/tradition
biological essentialism
perspective that naturalizes differences between social groups, such as gender differences, racial differences, etc often positioning their origins in biology
classism
privileges some people over others based on socioeconomic status through everday practices, attitudes, assumptions, behaviours, and institutional rules
discrimination
unequal allocation of valued goods and resources based on one’s social position and group membership
-limiting groups of full privilege and right
difference
- womens location in social situations differs from men
- gender difference: division of labour in the household
discourse
dominant or powerful way of thinking
doing gender
involves a complex of socially guided perceptual that case particular expressions of masculine and feminine natures
epistemology
study of the origin, nature, and limits of human knowledge
essentialism
perspective that naturalizes differences between social groups
femininities/ masculinities
examining of relationships between men and women, femaleness and maleness, and intersections with other catergories of social relations
feminism
movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppresion
-commmited to activism, social change, and equality
feminist pedagogy
- empowering students to become critical and creative thinkers
- teaching methods and approcahes in the classroom that were adopted by feminists and later adopted by men and women teaching in various disciplines
first wave feminism
the 19th century and early 20th century European and North American mobilization to gain voting rights and open professions to women
gender empowerment
attempt to measure the extent of gender inequality across the globe based on estimates of womens relative economic income, partipations in hig paying positions with economic power and access to proffesional and parliamentary positions
gender based analysis
helps us to understand the ways in which identities are constructed in relation to other binary formations and other social divisions
-systematically integrates a gender perspective into the development of policies, programs, and legislation, as well as planning and decision making processes
globalization
linking markets and currencies around the world and used to suggest homogenization of cultures
homophobia
bias or prejudice against all nonheterosexual identities and practices, usually displayed through violence or discrimination against gay, lesbian, bisexual, and trasngender people
identitiy
the distinguishing character or personality of an individual, the relation established by psychological identification
ideology
- a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture
- a manner or the content of thinking charcteristic of an individual, group, or culture
immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
intersectionality
- recognition of strands that make up identity, ex: ways in which racism and sexism are intertwined in the identities of women of colour
- an intersectional analysis of inequality incorporates the relationship between race, gender, ethnicity, and class in defining social outcomes
intersex
individuals medically labeled outside of “typical” or “standard” sex categories
intersubjectivity
involving or occuring between seperate conscious minds
-accessible to or capable of being established for two or more subjects
meritocracy
1.Government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability
objectivity
judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices.
other/ otherness
condition of occupying a marginal position or being and “object”, the opposite of a subject, or position of power
othering
philosophical concept that the self requires an other to establish and insure its own existence
patriarchy
a dynamic system of power and inequality that privileges men and boys over women and girls in social interactions and institutions
-power system organized around male authority
power
feminist analyses of women’s lives must kep power differences among women in view, not to seperate and exclude women from a dominant community but rather to allow the complex histories and relationships among diverse women to emerge and become part of the discusiion
privilege
access to valued cultural and institutional resources that are denied to others based on social status membership
racialization
term used in order to emphasize the fact that racial catergories are social constructions that change and are attributed wit status and mean
-labeling minority people
racism
priviliges people over others based on constructed racial classifications
-those with greater social power and oppresses others through everyday practices, attitudes, assumptions, behaviours, and rules
second wave feminism
“new social movement” dedicated to raising consciousness about sexism and patriarchy, legalizing abortion and birth control, attaining equal rights in political and economic realms and gaining sexual liberation
sex
categories based on culturally accepted biological attributes
sexuality
term that encompasses a range of concepts, ideologies, identites, behaviours, and expressions related to sexual personhood and desire
sexual orientation
a self ascribed state of embodiment that describe sexual desires and practices
-emphasizs that some people feel that one has no control of influence over the development of ones sexual attractions
sexual preference
how one thinks of her/himself in terms of being attrcted to members of the same of the other sex
-emphasizes that some people feel that one does or should have some control or influence over the development of ones sexual attractions
social construction
emphasizes the role of social interaction and culture in meaning making practices incluing those that shape social statuses and produce inequlaity
social locations
aspects of identity such as socio-economic status, race, religiois affliction, sexual orientation, and ability
social scripts
points to the fact that much of sexual behavior seems to follow a script
-social scripts intruct members of a society to appropriate behaviour and the meanins to attach to certain behaviours
subjectivity
the conscious and unconsious thoughts and emotions of an individual, hersense of herself and her ways of understanding her relation to the world
third wave feminism
expressed concerns pertaining to second wave feminist agendas and tried to create new projects focusing on issues of race and sexuality and fightin the new backlash against feminism
transgender
term that includes indivduals who change, cross, and/or go beyond or throuh the culturally defined binary gender catergories
two-spirited
self descriptor used by gays, lesbians, and bisexual and transgender Aboriginal people
world system
perspective that seeks to explain the dynamics of the capitalis world economy as a total social system… the emphasis is on development and unequal opportunities accross nations, it has been embraced by development theorists and practitioners
