Terms

Question 1

Front Line

Answer 1

in contrast to the Rhythm Section, these are the instruments that will usually play the MELODY and improvise SOLOS

saxophone, clarinet, trumpet, trombone

Question 2

Tempo

Answer 2

the speed of a particular piece or passage of music

Question 3

Form/Structure

Answer 3

the general framework of a piece of music, usually described in sections

Question 4

Blues

Answer 4

a song structure built on 3 chords and most often 12 bars in length

Question 5

Phrase

Answer 5

a short section of consecutive notes, usually described as melody

Question 6

Song

Answer 6

a number of musical phrases combined together in sections

Question 7

Swing

Answer 7

rhythmic feel common to jazz where basic pulse is subdivided into triplets

Question 8

Syncopation

Answer 8

accenting a normally weak beat or weak part of the beat

Question 9

Vibrato

Answer 9

the fluctuation of the pitch of a vocal or instrumental tone used as an expressive device

Question 10

Chorus

Answer 10

the main body of the song form which is repeated many times for improvised solos

Question 11

Riff

Answer 11

a short melodic phrase often repeated by a soloist or group

Question 12

Two-Feel

Answer 12

a rhythm section style that emphasizes the FIRST and THIRD beat of a four beat measure

Question 13

Walking Bass

Answer 13

a bass style in which a separate tone is played on each beat of the measure

Question 14

Stop Time

Answer 14

a way of accompanying a soloist when the ensemble will make an accent together usually on the FIRST BEAT of each bar

Question 15

Chart/Arrangement

Answer 15

an adaptation of a musical composition in which the arranger writes out what each individual musician has to play

Question 16

Collective Improvisation

Answer 16

a situation when all members if a group improvise simultaneously

Question 17

Boogie-Woogie

Answer 17

a piano style characterized by REPETITIVE LEFT HAND BASS FIGURES and improvised MELODIC VARIATIONS ON RIGHT HAND

Question 18

Solo Break

Answer 18

a short break in the music so the soloist can begin an improvisation

Question 19

Double Time (feel)

Answer 19

when the tempo of the music becomes twice as fast (or when that feeling is implied)

Question 20

Voicing

Answer 20

a term describing which particular pitches are used in spelling a chord

Question 21

Jazz Standard

Answer 21

a tune that has become part of an accepted repertoire of tunes that most jazz players know

Question 22

Modulation

Answer 22

moving from one key/key center to another

Question 23

Chord Changes/Progression

Answer 23

a series of chords used as a melody harmonization or for an improvised solo

Question 24

Rhythm Section

Answer 24

the instruments in a group that provide the most prominent rhythmic and harmonic foundation of the music

usually piano, bass, guitar, drums, tuba, banjo

Question 25

chops

Answer 25

slang term describing technical proficiency on an instrument

Question 26

turn around

Answer 26

short series of cords used to establish a key centre

Question 27

Voice leading

Answer 27

term used to describe how notes in a chord move to the following chord

Question 28

Block cords

Answer 28

cords that moves in parallel motion

Question 29

comping

Answer 29

short for accompanying; a term used to describe how a rhythm section player plays behind a soloist

Question 30

scat singing

Answer 30

A type of singing that uses nonsense syllables in an improvised solo

Question 31

ballad

Answer 31

A piece played at very slow tempo

Question 32

jam session

Answer 32

and informal gathering of musicians where each soloist will have a turn to improvise usually on a jazz standard

Question 33

ride cymbal pattern

Answer 33

A rhythmic pattern played by the drummer on a simple as the main timekeeping device

Question 34

arpeggio

Answer 34

Notes of a cord played sequentially rather than at the same time

Question 35

coda

Answer 35

The ending of a piece, usually made up of material outside the song structure

Question 36

fake book

Answer 36

compilation of printed songs in basic form indicating only melody line and cord progressions

Question 37

trading fours or eight

Answer 37

when two or more instruments will trade solo statements of four bars each

Question 38

harmonic rhythm

Answer 38

The pace at which the cord progression of a tune moves

Question 39

then

Answer 39

A short cord progression, often repeated for use in intros and endings

Question 40

modal jazz

Answer 40

A style of jazz where Melody and/or Harmony is based on arrangement of modes

Question 41

Bassa nova

Answer 41

Brazilian style of music derived from Sumbu but with more harmonic and melodic complexity

Question 42

free jazz

Answer 42

musical style that does not typically use preset cord progressions or standard forms

Question 43

Fusion

Answer 43

A musical style that uses electric instruments, funk/rock rhythms and improvisation

Question 44

pedal point

Answer 44

A repeated or sustained note, usually in the base; drone

Question 45

polyrhythm

Answer 45

more than one rhythm sounding at the same time

Question 46

double stop

Answer 46

sounding two strings at the same time

Question 47

odd metre

Answer 47

Time signatures the divide measures into an odd number of beats, such as 5/4 or 7/8