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Judaism Terminology > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Judah

A

One of the twelve sons of Jacob (A.K.A. Israel) from the tribe of Judah

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2
Q

Israel

A

The name given to Jacob after he wrestled with God the name means “wrestle” and “God”. ALSO, the name of the northern kingdom of Israelites.

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3
Q

Divided Kingdom

A

The nation of Israel divided up into two kingdoms. Israel and Judah. Israel got 10 tribes and Judah got two tribes. Judah got Jerusalem.

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4
Q

Jerusalem

A

The capital of the ancient nation of Judah. This was the mount where the fortress of the city was built.

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5
Q

Zion

A

The hill of Jerusalem on which the city of David was built. Refers to the power of God.

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6
Q

Messiah

A

The promised deliverer for the Jewish nation prophesied in the Hebrew Bible

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7
Q

Covenant

A

A promise made by God to his people

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8
Q

Yahweh

A

A form of the name of God used in the Bible

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9
Q

Transcendent

A

Referring to God being above his people and all things

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10
Q

Immanent

A

Referring to God being among his people and all things

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11
Q

Shema

A

Deuteronomy 6:4, the main message of the Jewish beliefs

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12
Q

Sin

A

The Jewish term meaning disobedience to others and the law

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13
Q

Monotheism

A

The belief that there is only one God

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14
Q

Tent of Meeting

A

The sacred tent where God went and talked to his people (Moses)

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15
Q

Tabernacle

A

The less permanent place where God dwelt

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16
Q

Temple

A

A building Jews and the Israelites went to worship God

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17
Q

Court of the Gentiles

A

The place where Gentiles (non-Jews) could go to worship

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18
Q

Most Holy Place

A

The place in the temple where God dwelt

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19
Q

Holy Place

A

It was the outer chamber of the temple. The priests could enter once a year

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20
Q

Ark of the Covenant

A

The chest contained the Ten Commandments on stone tablets, Aaron’s staff, and a pot of manna. You were only allowed to carry it on posts so you would never touch it

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21
Q

The Second Temple

A

An important Jewish temple, that stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem

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22
Q

Herod’s Temple

A

The place where Gentiles could go to worship, built by Herod

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23
Q

Ark of Holiness

A

The place where the scrolls are kept in Jewish synagogues

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24
Q

Segregation

A

The action of setting certain people apart from others (Gods chosen people)

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25
Q

Masada

A

A fortified city outside of Jerusalem that was the last to fall

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26
Q

Western/Wailing Wall

A

The last standing wall of the temple in Jerusalem where Jews went to assemble for prayer or wail about the destruction

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27
Q

Pharisees

A

They were the strict keepers of the law. They followed the laws of the Old Testament

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28
Q

Sadducees

A

They were the more conservative group, that hates the Pharisees, and ditch believe in the spiritual realm

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29
Q

Essenes

A

They considered themselves to be a separate people. They didn’t follow a specific religion, but many different ones

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30
Q

Zealots

A

They were a group that was determined to protect their religion from the Romans.

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31
Q

Oral Traditions

A

The act of passing along history through story telling

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32
Q

Orthodox Jews (including Hasidism)

A

They are very traditional with the codes of the Jewish law

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33
Q

Conservative Jews

A

Jews that hold tradition in manner and style very important

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34
Q

Reformed Jews

A

They believe that an individual’s personal autonomy (personal control) overrides traditional Jewish law and custom

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35
Q

Reconstructionist

A

They hold their heritage and their traditions firm, they are also looking ahead and finding contemporary ways to evolve civilization

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36
Q

Partriarchs

A

Founding fathers of the Israelite nation

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37
Q

Matriarchs

A

Founding mothers of the Israelite nation

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38
Q

Abraham

A

The founding father of the Israelite nation. He was given the covenant to be a father of a great nation

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39
Q

Sarah

A

The wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac. She was the mother of a great nation

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40
Q

Canaan

A

The promised land

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41
Q

Isaac

A

Son of Abraham

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42
Q

Rebekah

A

The wife of Isaac, mother of Jacob and Esau

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43
Q

Jacob

A

The deceiver, second born son of Isaac. He stole the birthright from hits brother Esau

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44
Q

Leah

A

One of Jacob’s two wives, the mother of many of Jacobs sons (Judah)

45
Q

Rachel

A

The more desirable wife of Jacob, the mother of Benjamin and Joseph

46
Q

Joseph

A

The favourite son of Jacob (Israel), sold by brothers into slavery in Egypt. He ends up saving Egypt and other nations from famine

47
Q

Jew

A

A line of people descending from the tribe of Judah.

48
Q

Exile

A

The Israelites were exiled from Palestine, and exiled to Babylon by King Nebuchadnezzar

49
Q

Moses

A

Hewbrew man who was adopted by an Egyptian princess, raised by a prince and ultimately saves his nation (the Jews) from slavery

50
Q

10 Commandments/Decalogue

A

The 10 laws given through Moses to the people by God saying how to live

51
Q

Exodus

A

The events leading to the Israelites freedom from slavery to Egypt

52
Q

Saul

A

The first king the Israelites of the tribe of Benjamin

53
Q

David

A

The second king of Israel, sinned by committing adultery with Bethsheeba

54
Q

Solomon

A

David’s second son, being promised King of Israel after David, he sinned after building temples for all of his many many wives, and worshipping their God’s

55
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

The Babylonian King who banished the Israelites to Babylon during the exile

56
Q

Babylon

A

Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It was a significant city in Mesopotamia

57
Q

Persians (Cyrus and Darius)

A

The nation conquered the Babylonians with King Cyrus ultimately allowing the Israelites to return to their home, Darius was another King of the Persians

58
Q

Esther

A

The woman who helped save her nation (Jews) from death at the hands of Haman

59
Q

Mordecai

A

Esther’s cousin (father like figure) who was very important, helping Esther obtain audience with the King and ultimately saving the Jews

60
Q

Greeks

A

The Jews and the Greeks resented each other

61
Q

Maccabees

A

Followers of Judas Maccabaeus

62
Q

Roman Empire

A

The Romans banned any kind of religion. The Jews had to hide in houses for church, and call their synagogues colleges so they wouldn’t get caught

63
Q

Jesus

A

The messiah, son of God promised to save everyone

64
Q

Herod

A

A Roman King of Judah

65
Q

Pontus Pilate

A

The man who led Jesus’ trial and ultimately allowed the people to take him to be crucified

66
Q

Ram am

A

A towering figure. He wrote the 13 Principles of Faith

67
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

A German politician, he was the leader of the Nazi party during the Second World War

68
Q

Holocaust

A

The destruction on a grand scale of the Jewish descent

69
Q

Kristallnacht

A

The night of the broken glass. On this night November 9, 1938, almost 200 synagogues were destroyed, and almost 8,000 Jewish shops were sacked and looted. Tens of thousands of Jews were removed and taken to concentration camps

70
Q

6,000,000

A

This many Jews were killed during WW2

71
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

The prejudice against Jews

72
Q

Aushwitz, Poland

A

A concentration camp during the second work war

73
Q

Star of David

A

A six pointed shape with two interlacing triangles. It is used as a Jewish and Israeli symbol

74
Q

Tanach

A

The five Books of Moses

75
Q

Torah

A

The first five books of Hebrew Scriptures (the Pentateuch)

76
Q

Prophets

A

Moses, Abraham, Samuel etc. We’re prophets of the Jewish faith

77
Q

Writings

A

The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) is there most known religious writings

78
Q

Talmud

A

The body of Jewish ceremonial law

79
Q

Mishnah

A

A collection of material showing the oral tradition of Jewish law and forming the first part of the Talmud

80
Q

Menorah

A

A sacred candelabrum with seven branches used in the Temple of Jerusalem

81
Q

Scrolls

A

The Torah scrolls (The first five books of the Hebrew Scripture “Pentateuch”.)

82
Q

Synagogue

A

The building where Jews come to worship

83
Q

Shalom

A

Used as a form of meeting or parting. Meaning “Peace”

84
Q

Rabbi

A

A Jewish scholar of teacher who teaches Jewish law

85
Q

Yeshiva

A

An Orthodox Jewish college or seminary

86
Q

Phylacteries

A

A small leather box containing Hebrew texts worn by Jewish men at morning prayer as a reminder to keep the law

87
Q

Yarmulke

A

A skull cap worn in public by Jewish men

88
Q

Kipah

A

Another term for yarmulke (A skull cap worn in public by Jewish men)

89
Q

Refilling

A

A term for the Jewish phylacteries (A small leather box containing Hebrew texts worn by Jewish men at morning prayer as a reminder to keep the law)

90
Q

Tzit Tzit

A

Tassels or fringes worn on traditional ceremonial clothing by Jewish ales to remind them of the commandments of Deuteronomy

91
Q

Mezzuzah

A

A parchment inscribed with religious texts that is attached in a case to the doorstep of a Jewish house as a sign of faith

92
Q

Prayer Shawl

A

A fringes garment traditionally worn by Jews

93
Q

Passover

A

The major Jewish festival that signifies the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery

94
Q

Haggadah

A

The text recited on the first two nights of the Jewish Passover

95
Q

Seder

A

A Jewish ritual service for the first night or first two nights of Passover

96
Q

Motza

A

Unleavened bread eaten at the Passover

97
Q

Shofar

A

A Rams horn trumpet by the ancient Jew in religious ceremonies and as a battle signal. Now it is used during Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur

98
Q

Yom Kippur

A

The holiest day on the Jewish calendar

99
Q

Day of Atonement

A

Known as Yom Kippur (the holiest day on the Jewish calendar)

100
Q

Succoth (Festival of Booths)

A

Commemorates the Israelites 40 years in the desert

101
Q

Rosh Hoshannah

A

The Jewish New Years

102
Q

Shavuot

A

Marks the giving of the Torah on Mt. Sinai. The 10 commandments are read in synagogues

103
Q

Purim

A

A festival held to remember the defeat of Hanan’s plot to kill all the Jews. It was recorded in Esther

104
Q

Hannukah (Festival of Lights)

A

A festival lasting eight days, remembering the red education of the Temple in 165 B.C by the Maccabees

105
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

The religious ceremony when a girl has reached the age of 12

106
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

The religious ceremony when a boy has reached the age of 13

107
Q

Shiva

A

Follows immediately after the burial of a loved one, and last for 7 days

108
Q

Circumcision

A

On the eight day of a baby boy’s life, his foreskin is removed as an act that shows spiritual and moral perfection requires human effort

109
Q

Kosher

A

A law talking about what foods they are allowed to eat together, and what foods they are not allowed to eat together (they are not allowed to eat milk and meat together)

Judaism Terminology (2 decks)

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