Terms

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it contains the activities of the cell.

Question 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from small protein pieces.

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Question 8

Karyotype

Answer 8

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

Total of chemical processes in the cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Control of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 12

Andipose tissue

Answer 12

Collection of fat cells.

Question 13

Cartilage

Answer 13

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.

Question 14

Epithelial cells

Answer 14

Skin that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Question 15

Histologist

Answer 15

Specialist in the study of tissues.

Question 16

Larynx

Answer 16

Voice box. Located at the upper part of the trachea.

Question 17

Pharynx

Answer 17

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).

Question 18

Pituitary gland

Answer 18

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

Question 19

Thyroid gland

Answer 19

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

Question 20

Trachea

Answer 20

Windpipe. Tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes.

Question 21

Abdominal cavity

Answer 21

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines.

Question 22

Cranial cavity

Answer 22

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull.

Question 23

Diaphragm

Answer 23

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

Question 24

Dorsal

Answer 24

Posterior. Pertaining to the back.

Question 25

Mediastinum

Answer 25

Centrally located outside of and between the lungs.

Question 26

Pelvic cavity

Answer 26

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Question 27

Peritoneum

Answer 27

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.

Question 28

Pleura

Answer 28

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means pertaining to the pleura.

Question 29

Spinal cavity

Answer 29

Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord.

Question 30

Thoracic cavity

Answer 30

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.

Question 31

Ventral

Answer 31

Anterior. Pertaining to the front.

Question 32

Anabolism

Answer 32

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process