Terms Flashcards
Hormones
Hormones-a product of living cells that circulates in body fluids (as blood) that stimulates other body cells to do something
Pituitary gland
Pituitary gland-a small oval endocrine organ located at the base of the brain that produces various hormones that regulate especially growth and reproduction
Seminal vesicle
Seminal vesicle-pair of glandular pouches that lie one on either side of the male reproductive tract and in the human male secrete a sugar- and protein-containing fluid into the ejaculatory duct
Prostate gland
Prostate gland-an organ found in men and male animals that produces the liquid in which sperm is carried. This gland increases in size and can sometime develop cancer. Normal screening reduces cancer risks.
Cowper’s gland
Cowper’s gland- either of two small glands lying on either side of the male urethra below the prostate gland and discharging a secretion into the semen that neutralizes conditions inside urethra.
Vas deferens
Vas deferens-a sperm-carrying duct in the male beginning at the epididymis and eventually joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
Testis
Testis- male reproductive glands that produces sperm and secretes testosterone and is contained in the scrotum.
Epididymis
Epididymis- a system of ducts leading from the testis that holds sperm during maturation before uniting into the vas deferens
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer- Cancer of the testicles usually occurring between ages 15-35
Ovaries
Ovaries-usually two organs in women and female animals that produce eggs and female hormones
Ovum
Ovum-a female egg cell
Uterus
Uterus-the organ in women in which babies develop before birth
Monogamy
Monogamy- one mutually faithful sexual partner
Vertical transmission
Vertical transmission (HIV)- spreading disease from mother to baby
Ovulation
Ovulation- one egg leaving a woman’s ovary once a month.
Fallopian tubes
Fallopian tubes-either of the pair of tubes that carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus
Endometrium
Endometrium- the mucous membrane lining the uterus
Menstruation
Menstruation-a discharging of blood, secretions, and tissue debris from the uterus that occurs when a women’s egg is not fertilized. This occurs typically every 25-28 days.
Cervix
Cervix-the narrow end at the opening of a woman’s uterus
Toxic shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome- a serious illness that is caused by bacteria and occurs especially in women who use tampons
Fertilization
Fertilization –union of egg and sperm
Embryo
Embryo-the developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception
Amniotic sac
Amniotic sac-a membrane forming a fluid-filled cavity (the amniotic sac) that encloses the embryo.
Umbilical cord
Umbilical cord-a long, narrow tube that connects an unborn baby to the placenta of its mother
Prenatal care
Prenatal care- relating to pregnant women and their unborn babies
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis-a test of amniotic fluid to check the health of the baby before he/she is born
Mammogram
Mammogram-a photograph of a woman’s breasts made by X-rays used to check for abnormally growing lumps
Pandemic vs Epidemic
Pandemic vs Epidemic- Pandemic is a world wide spread of a disease and epidemic is a regional outbreak of disease (upper Midwest influenza outbreak)
Sterility
Sterility- inability to conceive (males and females both)
Progestin
Progestin- synthetic progesterone that stops ovulation and increases cervical mucus
Progesterone
Progesterone- female sex hormone that prepares the endometrium for implantation of the newly fertilized egg
Estrogen
Estrogen- hormone that is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and promote the growth and maintenance of the female reproductive system
Oxytocin
Oxytocin- stimulates especially the contraction of uterine muscle and the secretion of milk
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone- a hormone that stimulates the growth of the ovum-containing follicles in the ovary and that activates sperm-forming cell
Human Chorionic Gonadotropic hormone
Human Chorionic Gonadotropic hormone-is a hormone produced by the cells that surround the growing human embryo; these cells will eventually go on to form the placenta.
Endocrine glands
Endocrine glands-any of various glands that have no duct and pour their secretions directly into the lymph or blood circulating through them – called also ductless gland
