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GE MID 2 > TERMS > Flashcards

TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Prospective payment system

A

Instead of per service fees, a capitated fee is set for the general course of treatment

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2
Q

Donut hole of Medicare Part D

A

After you have spent a certain amount of money and after your Medicare plan has spent a certain amount of money you must pay fees out of pocket for a certain amount of time

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3
Q

Mental health in Medicare

A

Mental health services are equal to other hospital stays

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4
Q

Boolean operators

A

AND searches for overlap

OR used between synonyms

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5
Q

Order of specificity of sources from least to most specific

A

Encyclopedias, books, review articles, journal articles, conference proceedings/meeting abstracts

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6
Q

Review articles

A

Considered secondary sources and review existing research and summarize the state of knowledge on the topic

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7
Q

Tricks and tips of searching on google

A

“Primary care” in quotes to search for the whole phrase together
Truncation:
Depress* searches for depressed OR depressing OR depression

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8
Q

Parkin

A

Promotes cellular garbage disposal
Cells try to refold it protein with backup strategy as disposal
Broken or mutated Parkin correlated with early onset Parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

More Parkin?

A

Reduces the accumulation of toxic proteins during age

Increases healthy lifespan

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10
Q

Aging is a result of

A

Defective cellular garbage disposal

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11
Q

Intestinal barrier distinction

A

Physiological bio marker of aging

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12
Q

Anti aging strategies

A

Clean up cellular garbage, increase mitochondrial activity

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13
Q

Diagnostic related groupings

A

Fixed Medicare prices for certain treatments and diagnostic category and expected length of stay of the patient

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14
Q

Smallpox

A

Eradicated in 1980 by Edward Jenner who created the vaccine in 1796 for it

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15
Q

Integumentary system

A

(Skin)

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat

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16
Q

Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes - wound healing and utilize vit D
Melanocytes - make melanin
Langerhans cells - mast cells - release histamine in allergic reactions

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17
Q

Dermis

A

Collagen, elastin, blood vessels, lymphatics, mast cells, hair follicles

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18
Q

Subcutaneous fat

A

Mainly used for fat storage

Has fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages

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19
Q

How does skin change as we age?

A

Keratinocytes divide less frequently thus leading to slower wound healing.
Dermis becomes much thinner and more sensitive.
Diseases hat accompany aging: tumor of melanocytes, skin cancer

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20
Q

As you age what happens to the innate immune system

A

Increase in NK
Increase in inflammatory cytokines
Decrease in dendritic cells

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21
Q

Aging B cell changes

A

Increase in autoantibodies

Decrease in quality of regular antibodies

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22
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Recognize virus on infected cells and kill those cells

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23
Q

Thymus

A

Begins to shrink starting in childhood as fewer naive or new T cells are produced
Referred to as thymine involution - less naive or clean slate T cells produced and more specialized T cells that are specific to certain cells are present

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24
Q

How does thymidine involution affect aging

A

Decrease in ability to produce naive T cells means that older people are less likely to be able to recognize viruses from newer diseases

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25
Q

T cell changes

A

Increase in memory T cells
Decrease in naive T cells
Increase in proportion of senescent T cells (no CD28, short telomeres unable to divide, poor killing, increase inflammatory state -TNF and IL6

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26
Q

HIV and CD28-

A

HIV patients also show high amounts of senescent T cells because chronic simulation of the immune system results in an increase of cells lacking CD28-

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27
Q

Flu vaccine

A

Not optimized for older people lacking naive T cells and high proportion of senescent T cells
-36,000 deaths, 400,000 hospitalization a
90% of deaths are in elderly

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28
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Lots of T cells see CMV and so decrease in naive T cells for other antigens

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29
Q

Preventative vaccines

A 
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
Pneumococcus
Influenza 
HPV (cervical, penal, anal, head and heck cancer) 
NONE for Malaria
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30
Q

Therapeutic vaccines

A

Reduce disease severity but not prevent it
HIV
TB
cancer vaccines

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31
Q

Bone effect with aging

A

Increase in inflammatory cytokines causes bone loss and osteoporotic fractures

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32
Q

Cells responsible for homeostasis

A

10% of skeleton replaced every year
Osteoclasts- resorb old bone
Osteoblasts -create new bone
As we age more osteoclasts than blasts destructing more bone and creating less

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33
Q

Osteopenia

A

Reduced bony density not a disease

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34
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Increased risk of fractures loss of bone density

35
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Wear and tear induced joint degenerating

36
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease - joint inflation due to T cell reactivity to collagen

37
Q

AIDS in older adults

A

Symptoms and things that come from HIV like dementia and arthritis are common in older adults already so HIV can be overlooked

38
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Part of normal aging

Artery walls get stiffer

39
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Disease of fatty deposits in artery wall

40
Q

Low density lipoproteins

A

Transport cholesterol, repair membranes, energy, certain hormones only becomes bad when oxidized

41
Q

High density lipoprotein

A

Good cholesterol takes excess cholesterol back to liver for recycling or excretion interferes with oxidation

42
Q

Ischemia

A

Clot that blocks blood to the brain

43
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Induction in blood flow from blood pressure

44
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator

A

Dissolves the clot from a stroke if delivered before 3 hours of symptoms

45
Q

Heart failure

A

Left ventricle can’t pump enough blood to the body

46
Q

Clinical associations with low bone mass

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory vowel disease, periodontal disease, COPD

47
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Disease not a characteristic of aging that makes bones more porous and vulnerable to fracture

48
Q

Vital capacity

A

Amount of oxygen that can be brought into the lungs with a deep breath
Decreases 50% between age 25-70

49
Q

Sexuality includes

A

Self concept, gender-role identity, body image, relationships, intimacy-freedom to express and respond to human closeness through mutual regard and trust
Contextual changes being more important than physiological changes

50
Q

Virulopause

A

Male menopause

51
Q

Socioemotional selectivity theory

A

Increasing focus on emotionally satisfying ties rather than many ties

52
Q

Caregivers

A

Predominantly adult children and then partners or spouse then other relative then non relative

53
Q

Direct care workers

A

Nursing aides then home health aides then personal care aides

54
Q

Legislation for caregivers

A

Family and medical leave act of 1993

National family caregiver support program of 2000

55
Q

Social convoy model

A

Close social relationships provide a protective secure base but also personal situational characteristics of age gender social class influence the type of support needed

56
Q

Inter generational stake hypothesis

A

Societal level pattern where older adults are more inclined to sharing values with younger generations

57
Q

Bean pole family structure

A

Increasing number of generations in a family but decreasing number of family members within the same generation due to declining fertility rates

58
Q

Primary stressors

A

Events directly from the elders illness such as congnitive impairments and behavioral probs

59
Q

Secondary stressors

A

Not directly from the persons illness but from role strains, decrease in caregivers sense of mastery or competence

60
Q

Disenfranchised grief

A

Loss of couple identity and intimacy and increase in loneliness

61
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Tumor forms and impairs functioning of neurotransmitters

62
Q

Allostatic load

A

Results from excessive levels of stress

63
Q

6 domains of mental wellbeing

A

Purpose in life, environmental control/mastery, positive relationships,
Autonomy independence, self acceptance

64
Q

Changes in mental well being

A

Men and women both decrease in purpose in life and personal growth
Increase in autonomy and mastery of ones environment in both men and women
Little change in positive relation and self acceptance for both men and women

65
Q

Personality changes

A

Increases in agreeableness and conscientiousness

Decrease in neuroticism, extra version, openness in late life

66
Q

Self concept

A

Cognitive image or thoughts about oneself
Use assimilation and accommodation to incorporate new roles into self concept and adjust thought process shot self in relation to reality

67
Q

Self esteem

A

Evaluation of feelings about the self (how we feel about who we are)

68
Q

Optimism and Perssimism based on

A

Internality-cause from internal or external
Stability-cause of an event thought to be temporary or stable
Globality- level of specificity

69
Q

Us rate of anxiety

A

1 in 4 adults in US have mental illness

70
Q

Biochemicals involved in depression

A

Norepinephrine, serotonin

71
Q

Depression most common forms

A

Depression paranoia and anxiety

72
Q

Systemic disorder

A

Less sharp form of depression but lasts longer

73
Q

DAF 16

A

Good reduce oxidative stress

74
Q

Clk-1

A

Bad Increases free radical production

75
Q

Sir 2

A

Stops overproduction of toxic RNA

76
Q

Aging and genes

A

Aging is influenced by genes not caused by genes

77
Q

Mutations in genes

A

Mutation in age 1 and DAF 2 but still functioning DAF 16 leads to increased life span
Mutation in clk1 increases lifespan

78
Q

2 anti aging strategies

A

Increases cellular garbage disposal though Parkin and mitochondrial functioning through PGC-1

79
Q

Thrombus

A

Hi

80
Q

Intermittent clarification

A

Cramping from astheroscerlosis

81
Q

Insulin receptor in flies and mice

A

DAF 2 in c elegans

Chino fruit flies

82
Q

Buffering hypothesis

A

Promotes health by being a buffer to stress

83
Q

Direct effect hypothesis

A

Directly affects happiness of the older adult

84
Q

Systems level

A

Cell,organ,organism,group,organization, society,supranational system

GE MID 2 (1 decks)

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