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Cpdt Test > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Training the last behavior in a chain first, then training to the next to last behavior, then the behavior before that, and so on. Back training takes advantage of the Premack principle

A

Back-chaining

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2
Q

A euphemism used to describe a mix of traditional or punishment based training and other training techniques, such as clicker training

A

Balance training

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3
Q

Any observable action and animal does

A

Behavior

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4
Q

A series of behaviors linked together in a continuous sequence by cues, and maintained by a reinforcer at the end of the chain. Each Q serves as a marker and the reinforcer for the previous behavior, and the queue for the next behavior

A

Behavior chain

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5
Q

And event marker that identifies the desired response and bridges the time between the response and the delivery of the primary reinforcer.

A

Bridging stimulus

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6
Q

Subtle body signals used by dogs to indicate stress and to avoid or defuse confrontation and aggression

A

Calming signals

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7
Q

The process of combining multiple here’s into a continuous sequence linked together by cues, and maintained by reinforcer at the end of the chain. Each cue serves as the marker and the reinforcer for the previous behavior, and the cue for the next behavior

A

Chaining

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8
Q

The process of associating a neutral stimulus with an involuntary response until the stimulus elicits the response

A

Classical conditioning

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9
Q

A type of training using all five principles of operant conditioning to modify behaviour.

A

Combined training

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10
Q

The traditional style of dog training, where the dog is modeled or otherwise compelled to perform the behavior and physically corrected for non-compliance.

A

Compulsion training

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11
Q

A conditioned stimulus that signifies that an aversive is coming. Used to deter or interrupt behavior; if the behavior halts or changes, the aversive maybe avoided.

A

Conditioned punisher

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12
Q

A neutral stimulus paired with a primary reinforcer until the neutral stimulus takes on the reinforcing properties of the primary. A clicker, after being repeatedly associated with the food tree or other reinforcer, becomes…

A

Conditioned reinforcer

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13
Q

Any stimulus that has preceded a particular behavior or event sufficiently often to provoke awareness or response. Clicks and cues are both examples of this…

A

Conditioned stimulus

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14
Q

The result of an action. Consequences frequently, but not always, affect future behavior, making the behavior more or less likely to occur. The five principles of operant conditioning and describe the potential results.

A

Consequence

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15
Q

The simplest schedule of reinforcement. Every desired response is reinforced.

A

Continuous reinforcement

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16
Q

A euphemism for the application of a physical aversive. The aversive is intended to communicate that the dog did something wrong. In some cases, the trainer then guides the dog through the desired behavior. The application of an aversive followed by a desired behavior is considered instructive, thus the euphemism is…

A

Correction

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17
Q

Pairing one stimulus that evokes one response with another evokes opposite response, so that the first stimulus comes to evoke the second response.

A

Counter conditioning

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18
Q

The specific, trainer-defined characteristics of a desired response in a training session.The training clips at the instant the animal achieves each criterion.

A

Criteria

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19
Q

A dog that has previously been trained by a non-clicker method is now being clicker trained.

A

Crossover dog

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20
Q

A trainer who previously used non-clicker method to train animals and is now clicker training

A

Crossover trainer

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21
Q

A stimulus that elicits of behavior. Cues maybe verbal, physical, or environmental.

A

Cue

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22
Q

The process of increasing and animals tolerance to a particular stimulus by gradually increasing the presence of the stimulus

A

Desensitization

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23
Q

Some responses are rewarded and others aren’t. For example a trainer wanting tucked sits would reward all tucked sits and ignore all others.

A

Differential reinforcement

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24
Q

Anything in the environment that your dog wants. Trainers can use access to these things as powerful reinforcers for desired behavior.

A

Environmental reinforcer

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25
Q

A signal used to Mark desired behaviors at the instant it occurs.

A

Event marker

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26
Q

The weakening of a behaviour to non-reinforcement or ignoring the behavior..

A

Extinction

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27
Q

A characteristic of extinction. If he previously reinforce behavior is not reinforced, the animal will increase the intensity or frequency of the behavior in an attempt to earn the reinforcement again.

A

Extinction burst

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28
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the trainer reinforces a desired behavior after specific period of time - for example every minute.

A

Fixed interval

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29
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the trainer reinforces a desired behavior after specific number of responses. Two-fers and three-fers are examples.

A

Fixed ratio

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30
Q

And incorrect reference to the commonly seen chart illustrating the concepts of reinforcement and punishment. This description is misleading in two ways. It neglects to mention extinction, and it implies that all principles of operant conditioning and are equal value in a training program.

A

Four quadrants of operant conditioning

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31
Q

The ability to get used to and stop reacting to meaningless stimuli

A

Habituation

32
Q

Similar to a horses halter, a dog’s head halter give the trainer control of the dogs had, making it easier to manage a dog on a leash until the dog has been taught to walk at the handlers side.

A

Head halter

33
Q

The trainer reinforces according to a time schedule. In a fixed interval, the trainer reinforces the desired response after specific period of time - for example every minute. When the trainer reinforces after varying periods of time within a certain timeframe it is…

A

Interval reinforcement

34
Q

A mega reward given after a particularly exceptional effort

A

Jackpot

35
Q

A signal, verbal or otherwise, given in the middle of a behavior to tell the dog he is doing to behavior correctly and should keep doing what he’s doing.

A

Keep going signals (KGS)

36
Q

The time between the Q and the response. Ideally, the time is zero or as close to immediate as possible.

A

Latency

37
Q

He hands off a method of guiding the dog threw up here.

A

Luring

38
Q

A signal used to mark desired behavior at the instant it occurs.

A

Marker

39
Q

A technique used in traditional training to get a behaviour. At the outset, the dog is physically guided, or otherwise compelled, into doing the behavior.

A

Modeling

40
Q

Taking away something the animal will work for her to suppress a behaviour. For example, a dog jumps on you to get attention. By turning your back or leave in the room you apply…

A

Negative punishment

41
Q

Removing something the animal will work to avoid to strengthen the heater. Healing is traditionally taught through R-. The dog receives a correction when he walks anywhere except in healing position. walking in heels position increases, because that is the only safe place - because the threat of correction is removed by walking there.

A

Negative reinforcement

42
Q

Intended to be a signal to say “no” that isn’t what I want. From the operant conditioning a perspective, it’s intended to add a verbal cue to extinction.

A

No reward marker (NRM)

43
Q

The process of changing and animals response to a certain stimulus by manipulating the consequences that immediately follow the response. The five principles of operant conditioning for developed by B.F. Skinner.

A

Operant Conditioning (OC)

44
Q

Criteria that are found in the final behavior.

A

Permanent criteria

45
Q

No longer reinforcing for the dog

A

Poison(ed)

46
Q

Adding something the animal work to avoid to suppress of the hater. For example, jerking on the lease to stop a dog from jumping on someone is…

A

Positive punishment (P+)

47
Q

Adding something the animal work for her to strengthen it behavior. For example, giving the dog a treat for sitting in order to increase the possibility that the dog will sit again.

A

Positive reinforcement (R+)

48
Q

A theory stating that a stronger response or preferred to respond will reinforce a weaker response.

A

Premack Principle

49
Q

A reinforcer that the animal is more in a meeting. Food, water, and sex are…

A

Primary reinforcer

50
Q

Teaching your dog to perform a behavior in the presence of distractions.

A

Proofing

51
Q

In operant conditioning, A consequence to a behavior in which something is added or removed from the situation to make the Haver less likely to occur in the future.

A

Punishment

52
Q

A number of reinforcers given for desired responses in a specific period of time.

A

Rate of reinforcement

53
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the trainer reinforces desired behavior based on the number of responses.

A

Ratio

54
Q

In operant conditioning, a consequence to a behavior in which something is added to or removed from the situation to make the behavior more likely to occur in the future.

A

Reinforcer

55
Q

A word that signals the end of the behavior. After a behavior is strong, clicker trainers replace the clicker with the release word.

A

Release word

56
Q

The process of associating a neutral stimulus with an in voluntary response until a stimulus elicits a response. A famous example was the discovery of Ivan Pavlov: dogs drool when they hear a bell that was previously paired with food. Also called classical conditioning.

A

Respondent conditioning

57
Q

A conditioned reinforcer. A reinforcer the animal is not born meeting.

A

Secondary reinforcer

58
Q

Building new behavior by selectively reinforcing variations in existing behavior, during the action rather than after completion, to increase or strengthen the behavior in a specific manner or direction.

A

Shaping

59
Q

Characteristic of extinction in which a behavior that was thought to be extinct unexpectedly reappears.

A

Spontaneous recovery

60
Q

A change in the environment.

A

Stimulus

61
Q

A conditioned stimulus becomes a discriminative stimulus when it is followed by a specific learned behavior or reaction. The response is said to be under stimulus control when presentation of the particular stimulus fulfills these for conditions.

A

Stimulus control

62
Q

Increasing or altering a behavior incrementally by repeatedly changing the environment to amplify workstand the behavior. For example, increasing the weight of the load or height of the jump by small increments to amplify the effort for to pull a load or two jump and obstacle.

A

Successive approximation

63
Q

Something the animal is taught to touch with some part of his body.

A

Target

64
Q

A mobile target the animal is taught to follow.

A

Target stick

65
Q

Criteria that are stepping stone to a final behavior that won’t, in their current form, be present in their final behavior.

A

Temporary criteria

66
Q

The animal has to perform three behaviors in order to earn one click and one treat

A

Three-fer

67
Q

The timing of the clicker. Ideally, the click should occur at exactly the same instant target criteria is achieved.

A

Timing

68
Q

Compulsion training, the traditional training is characterized by modeling for Lori to get the behavior, and the use of negative reinforcement and positive punishment to prove that.

A

Traditional training

69
Q

A preset period of time set aside for training.

A

Training period

70
Q

Either pre-set period of time or preset number of repetitions. Criteria should remain constant during a single session.

A

Training session

71
Q

A period of time devoted solely to training either the duration of the session or number of repetitions can be decided in advance.

A

Training session

72
Q

The animal have to preform to behaviors in order to earn one click and one treat.

A

Two-get

73
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the trainer reinforces desired behavior after varying periods of time within a certain timeframe.

A

Variable interval

74
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the trainer reinforces desired behavior after varying numbers of correct responses.

A

Variable ratio

75
Q

Technically, either a variable interval or variable ratio. However, most trainers use a VSR to mean a variable ratio.

A

Variable schedule of reinforcement (VSR)

76
Q

Any circumstance or event that causes pain, fear, or emotional discomfort.

A

Aversive

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