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Fungi > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Mycoses

A

Diseases caused by fungi

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2
Q

Achlorophyllus

A

Lacking chlorophyll

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3
Q

Coenocytic

A

Having no septa between cells

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4
Q

Septate

A

With regularly occurring walls in hyphae that have pores allowing the movement of cytoplasm and nutrients.

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5
Q

Ascospore

A

Meiotic spore coming from a sac, characteristic of Ascomycetes

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6
Q

Ascus (asci)

A

Sac like cell containing ascospores

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7
Q

Ascocarp

A

Spore producing body containing asci

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8
Q

Basidiocarp

A

Fruiting bodies containing basidia

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9
Q

Basidium

A

Structure bearing basidiospores

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10
Q

Basidiospore

A

Characteristic meiotic spore of basidiomycetes

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11
Q

Conidium

A

Asexual spore

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12
Q

Monophyletic

A

A group composed of an ancestor and all of it’s descendants

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13
Q

Polyphyletic

A

A group of organisms with the same characteristic spread across multiple clades.

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14
Q

Dolipore septum

A

A septum with a central pore and a barrel shaped swelling of the septal wall, surrounded on both sides by a perforated membrane called the septal pore cap. Common is basidiomycetes.

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15
Q

Clamp connection

A

Bridge-like hyphal connection used to maintain a dikaryotic phase. Characteristic of basidiomycetes.

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16
Q

Dikaryotic

A

N+N

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17
Q

Sporangiospores

A

A spore (N) born within a sporangium, characteristic of zygomycota and chytridiomycota

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18
Q

Sporangium

A

A sac like structure where in the entire cytoplasmic contents are converted into spores

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19
Q

Sporangiophore

A

Specialized hyphae that bears a sporangium

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20
Q

Gametangial fusion

A

When two gametangia or their protoplasts fuse and give rise to a zygote that develops into a resting spore.

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21
Q

Gametangia

A

A differentiated sex cell or nucleus that fuses with another in sexual reproduction.

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22
Q

Zygospore

A

A resting spore that results from the fusion of two gametangia.

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23
Q

Zygosporangia

A

A sporangium containing a zygospore that develops following the fusion of two gametangia.

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24
Q

Sporangiole

A

A sporangium containing fewer than 30 spores.

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25
Q

Columella

A

A sterile extention of the stalk into the sporangium.

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26
Q

Progametangium

A

A cell that gives rise to a gametangium.

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27
Q

Rhizoids

A

Short thin branches coming from a thalllus. Are root like and are part of somatic hyphae.

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28
Q

Dimorphic

A

Producing two morphologically distinct types of zoospores, such as yeast or a mycelial form. Relevant to medical mycology.

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29
Q

AM fungi

A

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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30
Q

Appresorium

A

A flattened hyphal organ that presses on a root and from which a minute infection peg grows and enters the host.

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31
Q

Arbuscule

A

Hyphal branches of endomycorrhizal fungi within host cells that are the site of nutrient exchange.

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32
Q

Haustorium

A

An organ of a parasitic fungi that invaginates a cell membrane and is used to draw nutrients out of a cell.

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33
Q

Planogametes

A

Motile gamete characteristic of chritidiomycota. (sexual reproduction)

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34
Q

Zoospore

A

Motile asexually produced spore.

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35
Q

Endobiotic

A

A thallus that grows within a host cell

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36
Q

Holocarpic

A

When an entire thallus is converted into a zoosporangium

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37
Q

Eucarpic

A

When the entire thallus is not converted into a zoosporangium.

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38
Q

Epibiotic

A

A thallus that grows outside of a host cell.

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39
Q

Monocentric

A

Producing one zoospore per thallus.

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40
Q

Polycentric

A

Producing multiple zoospores per thallus.

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41
Q

Operculum

A

A small lid that opens to discharge zoospores.

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42
Q

Inoperculate

A

When a zoosporangia does not have an operculum and releases spores by becoming thin and dissolving.

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43
Q

Isogamy

A

Reproduction of two morphologically identical planogametes, no sexual distinction between the two.

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44
Q

Somatogamy

A

Reproduction by the fusion of reproductive hyphae.

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45
Q

Anisogamy

A

Reproduction by fusion of two different sized planogametes. One male and one female.

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46
Q

Diplobiontic

A

A lifestyle in which haploid and diploid portions of the lifecycle are seperate.

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47
Q

Oogamy

A

Reproduction by one motile and one non-motile gamete.

48
Q

Bipolar mating system

A

One locus, two alleles

49
Q

Tetrapolar mating system

A

Two loci, four alleles

50
Q

3 thallus types

A
  1. Hermaphrodite, 2. sexually undifferentiated, 3. Dioecious
51
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

Male and female on the same thallus

52
Q

Dioecious

A

A strain is either male or female

53
Q

Heterothallic

A

Requiring the union of two compatible thalli for sexual reproduction

54
Q

Homothallic

A

Is capable of sexual reproduction with itself

55
Q

Pseudohomothallic

A

Blah

56
Q

Idiomorphs

A

An alternative form of a genetic locus that lacks significant sequence homology with its alleles.

57
Q

Transient Transfection

A

cDNA stays on the plasmid

58
Q

Permanent Transfection

A

cDNA integrates into the host chromosome.

59
Q

Recombination

A

Integration into chromosome

60
Q

Anastomosis

A

Hyphal fusion through small tubes.

61
Q

Naked asci

A

Saccharomcyetes (Hemiascomycetes)

62
Q

Cleistothecium

A

Eurotiomycetes (Plectomycetes)

63
Q

Perithecium

A

Sordariomycetes (Pyrenomycetes)

64
Q

Apothecium

A

Discomycetes (obselete)

65
Q

Unitunicate

A

Ascus with a single wall

66
Q

Bitunicate

A

Ascus with a thin outer wall and a thick inner wall.

67
Q

Biotroph

A

An obligate parasite of living host cells. ie. doesn’t kill host.

68
Q

Necrotroph

A

Parasite that kills host cells in advance of hyphae and then lives off of the dead and dying cells.

69
Q

Hemibiotroph

A

Initially requires living host cells, but eventually kills them and lives on dead a dying cells.

70
Q

Lichen

A

A symbiotic relationship between a mycobiont (fungus) and a photobiont (algae and cyanobacteria)

71
Q

Crustose

A

Crust like lichen thallus.

72
Q

Foliose

A

Leaf-like lichen thallus. Contains an upper cortex, algal layer, medulla, lower cortex, and sometimes rhizines

73
Q

Umbilicate

A

A lichen attached to a substrate by a single point through and umbilicus

74
Q

Fruticose

A

An erect or pendant usually highly branched lichen thallus with tissues that form empty cylinders, but may be flattened. Tuffy looking appearance.

75
Q

Squamulose

A

A scale like lichen thallus, or foliose thallus with scales

76
Q

Mazaedia

A

A stalked apothecium

77
Q

Soredia

A

Aseual propagule containing both bionts, and is powdery to granular in appearance.

78
Q

Isidia

A

Asexual propagule containing both bionts, finger like in appearance.

79
Q

Pycnidia

A

A flask shaped structure where in anamorphic conidia are produced.

80
Q

Podetia

A

Branch/ stalk like structure on which apothecia may be borne. Many also have asexual reproductive structures.

81
Q

Cephalodia

A

Structures that contain cyanobacteria.

82
Q

Chimeroid

A

Lichens that have both green algae and cyanobacterial photobionts

83
Q

Terricolous

A

Lichens that grow on soil

84
Q

Saxicolous

A

Lichens that grow on rocks

85
Q

Endolithic

A

Lichens that grow in rocks

86
Q

Corticolous

A

Lichens that grow on bark

87
Q

Foliicolous

A

Lichens that grow on leaves

88
Q

Lichenicolous

A

Lichens that grow on other lichens

89
Q

Effectors

A

Pathogen produced small proteins excreted into live host cells. Their role is to promote host susceptibility.

90
Q

Ostiole

A

Opening at the top of perithecia.

91
Q

RIP

A

Repeat induced point mutation, mechanism that silences repeated DNA.

92
Q

Pseudothecia

A

Resembles a perithecia, but has no wall surrounding the ascosarp.

93
Q

Stroma

A

Hyphal mass in which a pseudothecia is located.

94
Q

Locule

A

Cavity in the stroma in which asci form producing a pseudothecia.

95
Q

Sterigma

A

Small hyphal branch that supports a basidiospore on a basidiocarp.

96
Q

Holobasidium

A

An aseptate basidium

97
Q

Phragmobasidia

A

A septate basidium.

98
Q

Heteroecious

A

Requiring more than one plant to complete its lifecycle

99
Q

Autoecious

A

Requiring only one plant host to complete its lifecycle

100
Q

Epigeous

A

Having an above ground fruiting body

101
Q

Hypogeous

A

Having a below ground fruiting body

102
Q

Amyloid

A

Spores that carry ornamentations that turn blue-black with addition of Melzer’s reagent. Characteristic of Russulales.

103
Q

Gloeocystidia

A

Cystidia filled with oil droplets.

104
Q

Sphaerocysts

A

Round cells among hyphae that act as weak points and cause the fungi to be brittle or chalky.

105
Q

Generative hyphae

A

Living hyphae that bear spores

106
Q

Binding hyphae

A

Long, frequently branched, thick-walled hyphae

107
Q

Skeletal hyphae

A

Long, unbranched, thick-walled hyphae

108
Q

Trimitic

A

A polypore that possesses all 3 types of hyphae

109
Q

Dimitic

A

A polypore that only possesses 2 types of hyphae

110
Q

Monomitic

A

A polypore that only possesses generative hyphae

111
Q

Stipitate hydnoid

A

Terrestrial species of toothed fungi that have a pileus and a stipe.

112
Q

Resupinate hydnoid

A

Species of toothed fungi that form patch-like fruiting structures on dead wood.

113
Q

Gleba

A

The inner fertile part of a basidiocarp of a gasteromycete.

114
Q

Peridium

A

The outside covering or wall of a fruitication

115
Q

Haplobintic lifestyle

A

Having only a diploid thallus and no haploid thallus in its life-cycle.

116
Q

Cystidia

A

Sterile basidiocarp looking structures with pointed tips that extend out farther than basidia.

117
Q

Lirella

A

A type of lichen apothecium that is linear in shape.

Fungi (2 decks)

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