Terms Flashcards
Genre
A style of literature
Denoting or relating to a style
Purpose
The reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.
Audience
The assembled spectators or listeners at a public event such as a play, film, concert or meeting.
Symbolism
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
An artistic & poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestions to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind.
Foreboding
Foreboding - a feeling that something bad will happen; fearful.
Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing or guessing ahead by which an author hints what is to come.
Dramatic irony
A plot device according to which the sectors know more than the protagonist; the character reacts in a way contrary to that which is appropriate or wise, characters or situations are compared or contrasted for ironic effects such as parody; or there is a marked contrast between what the character understands about his acts & what the play demonstrates about them.
Tension
Mental of emotion strain
Apply a force to which tends to stretch it
Subtext
An underlying and often distinct theme in a piece of writing or conversation.
Pathetic fallacy
The attribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate things or animals, especially in art & literature.
Imagery
Visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.
Personification
Bringing objects to life.
Metaphor
A figure of speech in which word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
Simile
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing which another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid.
Figurative language
Figurative language is a distinction within some fields of language analysis, for example, rhetoric & semantics.
Hyperbole
Exaggerated statement or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Antithesis
A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.
Tone
The general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation.
Syndetic listing
Connected by a conjunction
Symbolism
The underline meaning of a text.
Simile
Using ‘like’ or ‘as’
Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.
Pathetic fallacy
To do which weather
Exclamatory sentence
!!!!
Hyperbole
Exaggeration
Alliteration
Same first letter for at least three words (e.g. Silvery, slimy snake).
Irony
The expressions of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite…
Ambiguity
Uncertainty of inexactness of meaning in language.
Semantic field
A lexical set of semantically related items.
Adverb
Describes a verb. A doing verb. Usually has ‘ly’ at the end of the word.
Adjective
A describing word. It describes a noun.
Colloquialism
A world of phrase that is informal or literary.
Cliché
A phrase or opinion that is overused & betrays lack of original thought.
Elliptical sentence
Using or involving ellipsis (…)
Verb
A word used to describe an action.
Imagery
Describing an image (what it looks like).
Declarative sentence
STATEMENT!
Noun
It’s a name.
Pre modifier
A pre modifier is a work that is places before the word it modifies.
Post modifier
A modifier that follows the word or phrase it limits or qualifies.
Imperative sentence
COMMAND!
Pronoun
A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g. It, he, she, you & they).
Interrogative sentence
A sentence that’s asks a question.
Asyndetic listing
With a comma instead of a conjunction.
Metaphor
When something is something else.
Allusion
U acknowledged reference and quotations that authors assume their readers will recognise.
Anaphora
Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning or a line throughout a work or the section of a work.
Apostrophe
Speaker in a poem addresses a person not present or an animal, inanimate object of concept as though it is a person. Example: Wordsworth - “Mitton! Thou shouldst be living at this hour/ England has need of thee”
Assonance
The repetition of identical vowels sounds in different words in close proximity. Example: deep green sea.
Ballad
A narrative poem composed of quatrains (iambic tetra mete alternating with iambic trimeter).
Blank verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter. Example: Shakespeare’s plays.
Caesura
A short but definite pause used for effect within a line of poetry.
Diction
Diction is usually used to describe the level of formality that a speaker uses
Diction (formal or high): proper, elevated, elaborate, and often polysyllabic language. This type of language is used to be though the only type suitable for poetry.
Neutral or middle diction: correct language characterised by directness and simplicity.
Diction (informal or low): relaxed, conversation and familiar language.
Proper nouns
Proper nouns usually begin with a capital letter. They refer to specific people and places.
Nouns
Nouns are naming words. They are the names we give to people, places, objects, feelings, ideas, etc.
Common nouns
Common nouns are less specific than proper nouns. They tend to refer to types of people, places, feelings, etc. There are several types of common noun - CONCRETE (things that exist physically), ABSTRACT (things that do not exist physically) and COLLECTIVE (group of people, animals, objects).
Adjectives
Adjectives are describing words. They give in extra information about nouns e.g. Physical qualities, psychological qualities, evaluative judgements.
Comparative adjectives
Comparative adjectives help us to compare nouns and are formed by adding - er to the adjective or by adding more in front of the adjective.
Superlative adjectives
Superlative adjectives hep us to grade nouns and aha the noun is the most of that quality it could possibly be. They are formed by adding - est to the adjective by adding most in front of the adjective. Sometimes words from other word classes do the job of an adjective e.g. The garden wall… ‘Garden’ is a noun but in this phrase it is in the same position as an adjective because it describes the wall. We therefore call it a modifier (pre - or - post - ).
Verb dynamic
Dynamic verbs express a wide range of actions e.g. Physical, mental, perceptual.
Stative verbs
Statics verbs are rarer. They express States of being or processes in which there is no obvious duration of end point.
Primary auxiliary verbs
Primary auxiliary verbs give us extra information about the main verb, for example tense (when something happened), constructing questions, adding emphasis of creating negatives (are not, have not, did not). There are only three and they are irregular do you will need to know their others forms.
Modal auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs are only used in conjunction with a main verb there are only nine. They can significantly alter the tone it meaning of something that is said or written.
Context
The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood.
Adverbs
Adverbs tell us more about verbs. They often but not always end in 'ly'. They can be grouped into types. Adverb of frequency Adverb of manner Adverb of place Adverb of time
Pronouns
Pronouns replace nouns
Personal pronoun stake the place of specific names of persons, places or things.
Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns refer to particular people or things: this - that - these - those (pass me those) but take care, they can also be used as determiners (those desks).
Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things in general: someone - anything - everything.
Relative and interrogative pronouns:
Relative and interrogative pronouns (who - whose - whom - that - which) created relative clauses in a sentence e.g. The committee, which met last night, discussed your report. The words ‘which met last night’ describes the subject of the main clause, the committee. Sometimes used as the subject of a question such as ‘who ate the pizza?’ Here it is classed as an interrogative pronoun.
Determiners
Determiners precede nouns and refer directly to them.
define article - ‘the’
Indefinite article - ‘a’ or ‘an’
Possessive determiners - my, our, your, his, her, it’s, their
Demonstrative determiners - this, that, these, those
Cardinals - one, two, three
Prepositions
Prepositions indicate how one thing is related to another (position: at - on - opposite, direction: into - past - go, time before - during - after). They are usually followed by a noun e.g. I spoke to the man at the reception desk.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining/ connective words. Coordinate conjunctions - join elements that are grammatically the same: two or more words, two equivalent phrases etc e.g. And - but - Id - for - nor - so - yet. Subordinate conjunctions - introduce dependent or condition - Al clauses e.g. Although she has money, she buys few luxuries.
Overview
A general review or summary of object: a brief overview of the survey.
What is the poem about? What effect/ significance does the title have? What themes are explored? What attitudes are expressed? What is the overall tone of the poem?
Discourse
Written or spoken communication or debate.
Who is the narrator of the poem?
Who is the poem addressed to?
How is the poem structured?
Lexis & semantics
Are there any lexical fields used?
Which lexical choice emphasise the theme and tone of the poem?
what imagery is used in the poem?
Grammar
The whole starker bad structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.
What tense is used in the poem?
What type of verbs are used?
What different type of punctuation is used?
Phonology
The system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language.
How are prosodical features used e.g. Rhythm, enjambment?
What phonological features are used in the poem?
