Terms

Question 1

Groups of individuals within a society who can be recognized in the law as holding certain rights?

Answer 1

Classes or categories of individuals

Question 2

Independence, freedom, or the right to self-governance?

Answer 2

Autonomy

Question 3

Those rights essential to citizens that allow them to earn a living, to acquire and transfer property, and to produce, buy, and sell goods and services in free markets.

Answer 3

Economic rights

Question 4

Those rights that prohibit the government from acting in certain ways, or rights that are not to be interfered with.

Answer 4

Negative rights

Question 5

Those rights of individuals int their private capacity, such as the right life and liberty, and rights to vote and hold public office

Answer 5

Personal rights

Question 6

All the rights of a citizen in free society that are clearly expressed and guaranteed by the constitution and implied by nature laws

Answer 6

Political rights

Question 7

Those rights that require overt government action, as opposed to negative rights that require government not o act in specified ways

Answer 7

Positive rights

Question 8

Most legal claims that are justified in ways that are generally accepted within a society or the international community

Answer 8

Rights

Question 9

A public or common good that is claimed to take precedence over individual interests or, in some cases, rights

Answer 9

Compelling state interest

Question 10

An official, state-sponsored religion, such as those in dozens of countries that have official state religions.

Answer 10

Established church

Question 11

The part of the first amendment that prohibits the government from declaring an official religion

Answer 11

Establishment clause

Question 12

The part of the first amendment that state that congress shall have no laws that prevent people from holding whatever religious belief they choose

Answer 12

Free exercise clause

Question 13

A basic principle of American government that no single religion should be favored by government over other religions, nor should the gov interfere with the right to practice or not practice religious belief

Answer 13

Separation of church and state

Question 14

A published false statement that injures a persons reputation

Answer 14

Libel

Question 15

The government keeping certain speech or writing from being published, preventing the censored material from being distributed

Answer 15

Prior censorship or restraint

Question 16

Written language that seeks to persuade others to engage in the over throw of a government

Answer 16

Seditious libel

Question 17

Government regulation that place restrictions on the free speech

Answer 17

Time place and manner restrictions

Question 18

A rule restricting open discussion or debate on a particular issur

Answer 18

Gag rule

Question 19

A place where people can express and exchange their views

Answer 19

Public forum

Question 20

The legal claim provided for in the first amendment that allows people to meet to discuss and express their beliefs, ideas, or feelings.

Answer 20

Right to assemble

Question 21

The freedom to meet with others for political or any other lawful purpose

Answer 21

Right to associate

Question 22

The legal claim that allows citizens to urge their government to correct wrongs and injustices or to take some other action

Answer 22

Right to petition

Question 23

A formally sworn statement

Answer 23

Affidavit

Question 24

The rule established by the U.S. Supreme Court that evidence unconstitutionally gathered by law enforcement officers may not be used against a defendant in a trial

Answer 24

Exclusionary rule

Question 25

The need for authorities to have reasonable grounds for presuming that crime has been or is in the process of being committed before searching someone’s person or proper

Answer 25

Probable cause

Question 26

The quality of what makes sense to a rational and fair-minded person

Answer 26

Reasonable

Question 27

American law: Intrusion into someone’s privacy

Answer 27

Search

Question 28

In this case, this refers to interference with a person’s property or freedom of movement

Answer 28

Seizure

Question 29

Providing information or evidence can be used against oneself in a case

Answer 29

Self-incrimination

Question 30

A guarantee prosecutors give to a witness to not use the witness’s self-incriminating compelled testimony as evidence against the witness in a subsequent criminal prosecution

Answer 30

Use immunity

Question 31

An order that serves as authorization, such as searching, seizure, or arrest

Answer 31

Warrant

Question 32

Money or other security given to obtain an arrested persons release from custody, which is forfeited if the person fails to appear before a court trial

Answer 32

Bail

Question 33

The use of the death penalty by a judicial system

Answer 33

Capital punishment

Question 34

A criminal sanction or penalty that is not in accord with the moral standards of a humane and compassionate society

Answer 34

Cruel and unusual punishment

Question 35

The provision in the fifth amendment to the U.S. Constitution that a person may not be tried twice in that same crime

Answer 35

Double jeopardy

Question 36

A panel of jurors designated to inquire into alleged violation of the law in order to ascertain whether the evidence is sufficient to warrant trial

Answer 36

Grand jury

Question 37

A formal charge by a grand jury accusing a person of having committed a crime

Answer 37

Indictment

Question 38

Occurs when a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser crime than that charged by a prosecutor

Answer 38

Plea agreement

Question 39

Is part of the right to fair trial that allows for the defendant to be assisted by an attorney

Answer 39

Right to counsel