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Linguistics 16 > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

affix

A

a morpheme that must be added to a root or stem to be pronounced

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2
Q

allomorph

A

a phonologically variant form of a morpheme

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3
Q

antepenult

A

the third last syllable of a word

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4
Q

antepenultimate

A

of or relating to the antepenult

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5
Q

citation form

A

the form of a word used to head a dictionary entry

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6
Q

closed syllable

A

a syllable ending in a consonant

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7
Q

collocation

A

two or more words used together with a specific meaning that is not entirely compositional

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8
Q

compositional meaning

A

the meaning that results from simply combining the meanings of the parts of a construction.

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9
Q

compound

A

roots, stems, or words formed by combining two or more lexical morphemes

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10
Q

compounding

A

the process of forming words by combining two or more lexical morphemes

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11
Q

construction

A

a pattern for assembling larger linguistic units out of smaller linguistic units

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12
Q

contrast

A

the property of a linguistic entity such that it is capable of signaling a difference in meaning in a given language, adj. contrastive

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13
Q

derivation

A

1) the addition of a morpheme to a root that yields a different lexeme, 2) the morpheme added to a root to form a different lexeme

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14
Q

doubly closed syllable

A

a syllable ending in two consonants

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15
Q

eponym

A

a proper noun used as a common noun

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16
Q

euphemism

A

the use of a word, phrase, or sentence with neutral or positive connotation to refer to an entity or situation with inherently negative connotation

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17
Q

frame

A

the coherent cognitive structure of interrelated concepts

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18
Q

framing

A

the part of the meaning of a word (or morpheme) that conveys how the reference is to be viewed.

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19
Q

function word

A

a word which serves structural or syntactic functions in a construction as opposed to referential functions

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20
Q

function morpheme

A

a morpheme which serves structural or syntactic functions in a construction

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21
Q

heavy syllable

A

a syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel

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22
Q

inflection

A

1) the addition of a morpheme to a root that yields a different form of the same lexeme, 2) a morpheme which when added to a stem yields another form of the same lexeme

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23
Q

lexeme

A

the fundamental unit of the lexicon of a language, an abstract entity in morphological analysis which corresponds to all the forms with the same reference lexical reference.

24
Q

lexical morpheme

A

a morpheme which bears most of the referential meaning of a word

25
Q

light syllable

A

an open syllable containing a short vowel

26
Q

long vowel

A

1) in general a vowel which has a longer duration, 2) in English the vowels and diphthongs /i/. /e/, /u/, /o/, /ai/, /au/, and /oi/, which behave in parallel ways with respect to phonological considerations in contrast to all other English vowels, which are called short. (Prior to the Great Vowel shift, the long vowels were long in the general sense and the short vowels were short.)

27
Q

metaphor

A

a figure of speech referring to one object, event, state, or process as if it were another

28
Q

metonymy

A

the use of a word to refer to an entity with which the proper referent of that word is associated

29
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest meaningful or functional unit of a language, every morpheme has phonological and syntactic properties, most morphemes also have semantic properties

30
Q

morphology

A

word structure or the study of word structure

31
Q

onomatopoeia

A

the imitation of a sound in the word naming the sound

32
Q

open syllable

A

a syllable ending in a vowel

33
Q

orthography

A

a system of transcribing a language for practial use

34
Q

parse

A

analyze a construction into its parts

35
Q

pejoration

A

the type of semantic change in which a word comes to have a more negative framing or reference

36
Q

penult

A

the second last syllable of a word

37
Q

penultimate

A

of or relating to the penult

38
Q

phoneme

A

a contrastive phonological unit

39
Q

phonology

A

the sound structure of a language or the study of sound structure

40
Q

pragmatics

A

the use of a construction or the study of the use of constructions

41
Q

prefix

A

an affix added to the left end of a root or stem

42
Q

reference

A

1) the property of a morpheme or construction which connects it to something outside language, 2) in linguistic shorthand the property of a morpheme or construction which connects it to another morpheme or construction of the same reference.

43
Q

root

A

1) a lexical morpheme, 2) a morphological construction to which derivational affixes are added to form a stem.

44
Q

semantics

A

the meaning of a construction or the study of meaning

45
Q

short vowel

A

1) in general a vowel which has a shorter duration, 2) in English the vowels (..), which behave in parallel ways with respect to phonological considerations in contrast to English long vowels. (Prior to the Great Vowel shift, the long vowels were long in the general sense and the short vowels were short.)

46
Q

sound symbolism

A

the direct relationship between sound and meaning

47
Q

specialization

A

the use of a more general word to refer to a more specific entity

48
Q

stem

A

a morphological construction to which inflections can be added.

49
Q

stress

A

the prominence displayed by certain syllables relative to other syllables

50
Q

suffix

A

an affix added to the right end of a root or stem

51
Q

synecdoche

A

the use of a word referring to a part to reference the whole or vice versa

52
Q

syntax

A

the combination of morphemes or words into larger linguistic units, the properties that a morpheme or word has for combining into larger linguistic units; generally, the study of the combination words into phrases and sentences

53
Q

technical term

A

a word or phrase used in a specialized meaning in a particular context

54
Q

ultima

A

the last syllable of a word

55
Q

ultimate

A

of or relating to the ultima

56
Q

word class

A

the syntactic type of a word, the major word classes are noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.

Linguistics 16 (6 decks)

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