Terms Flashcards
affix
a morpheme that must be added to a root or stem to be pronounced
allomorph
a phonologically variant form of a morpheme
antepenult
the third last syllable of a word
antepenultimate
of or relating to the antepenult
citation form
the form of a word used to head a dictionary entry
closed syllable
a syllable ending in a consonant
collocation
two or more words used together with a specific meaning that is not entirely compositional
compositional meaning
the meaning that results from simply combining the meanings of the parts of a construction.
compound
roots, stems, or words formed by combining two or more lexical morphemes
compounding
the process of forming words by combining two or more lexical morphemes
construction
a pattern for assembling larger linguistic units out of smaller linguistic units
contrast
the property of a linguistic entity such that it is capable of signaling a difference in meaning in a given language, adj. contrastive
derivation
1) the addition of a morpheme to a root that yields a different lexeme, 2) the morpheme added to a root to form a different lexeme
doubly closed syllable
a syllable ending in two consonants
eponym
a proper noun used as a common noun
euphemism
the use of a word, phrase, or sentence with neutral or positive connotation to refer to an entity or situation with inherently negative connotation
frame
the coherent cognitive structure of interrelated concepts
framing
the part of the meaning of a word (or morpheme) that conveys how the reference is to be viewed.
function word
a word which serves structural or syntactic functions in a construction as opposed to referential functions
function morpheme
a morpheme which serves structural or syntactic functions in a construction
heavy syllable
a syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel
inflection
1) the addition of a morpheme to a root that yields a different form of the same lexeme, 2) a morpheme which when added to a stem yields another form of the same lexeme
lexeme
the fundamental unit of the lexicon of a language, an abstract entity in morphological analysis which corresponds to all the forms with the same reference lexical reference.
lexical morpheme
a morpheme which bears most of the referential meaning of a word
light syllable
an open syllable containing a short vowel
long vowel
1) in general a vowel which has a longer duration, 2) in English the vowels and diphthongs /i/. /e/, /u/, /o/, /ai/, /au/, and /oi/, which behave in parallel ways with respect to phonological considerations in contrast to all other English vowels, which are called short. (Prior to the Great Vowel shift, the long vowels were long in the general sense and the short vowels were short.)
metaphor
a figure of speech referring to one object, event, state, or process as if it were another
metonymy
the use of a word to refer to an entity with which the proper referent of that word is associated
morpheme
the smallest meaningful or functional unit of a language, every morpheme has phonological and syntactic properties, most morphemes also have semantic properties
morphology
word structure or the study of word structure
onomatopoeia
the imitation of a sound in the word naming the sound
open syllable
a syllable ending in a vowel
orthography
a system of transcribing a language for practial use
parse
analyze a construction into its parts
pejoration
the type of semantic change in which a word comes to have a more negative framing or reference
penult
the second last syllable of a word
penultimate
of or relating to the penult
phoneme
a contrastive phonological unit
phonology
the sound structure of a language or the study of sound structure
pragmatics
the use of a construction or the study of the use of constructions
prefix
an affix added to the left end of a root or stem
reference
1) the property of a morpheme or construction which connects it to something outside language, 2) in linguistic shorthand the property of a morpheme or construction which connects it to another morpheme or construction of the same reference.
root
1) a lexical morpheme, 2) a morphological construction to which derivational affixes are added to form a stem.
semantics
the meaning of a construction or the study of meaning
short vowel
1) in general a vowel which has a shorter duration, 2) in English the vowels (..), which behave in parallel ways with respect to phonological considerations in contrast to English long vowels. (Prior to the Great Vowel shift, the long vowels were long in the general sense and the short vowels were short.)
sound symbolism
the direct relationship between sound and meaning
specialization
the use of a more general word to refer to a more specific entity
stem
a morphological construction to which inflections can be added.
stress
the prominence displayed by certain syllables relative to other syllables
suffix
an affix added to the right end of a root or stem
synecdoche
the use of a word referring to a part to reference the whole or vice versa
syntax
the combination of morphemes or words into larger linguistic units, the properties that a morpheme or word has for combining into larger linguistic units; generally, the study of the combination words into phrases and sentences
technical term
a word or phrase used in a specialized meaning in a particular context
ultima
the last syllable of a word
ultimate
of or relating to the ultima
word class
the syntactic type of a word, the major word classes are noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.
