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0
Q

What are the principal components of culture?

A

Value system, symbols, rules that limit sexual behaviour, division of labour according to gender

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1
Q

What is culture

A

A collection of beliefs and behaviors followed by the general. Society’s way of life

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2
Q

What is the value system?

A

all cultures structure their society according to value

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3
Q

What are symbols?

A

All cultures us language, objects, sounds, signs, actions or appearances of members to organize universal membership

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4
Q

What are rules that limit sexual behaviour?

A

All cultures have rules outlining who, when and where people can engage in intimate relations

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5
Q

What is division of labour according to gender?

A

All cultures in some way divide tasks according to gender

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6
Q

Whats an example of the value system?

A

Relationships: in Canada cheating is severely frowned upon, while in Afghanistan it is punishable by death

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7
Q

What is an example of symbols?

A

Valentines day: roses, hearts, chocolates to show love

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8
Q

What is a subculture?

A

A smaller group within overall cultural setting. Share dominant values but have values an customs of their own

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9
Q

What is Kenkle’s theory?

A

Why people have children. Kenkle argues that all the reasons for having children can be grouped into 6 categories

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10
Q

What are Kenkles 6 reasons people have children?

A

Cultural pressure, social pressure, economic pressure, familial pressure, emotional desire, personal satisfaction

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11
Q

What is cultural pressure?

A

Marrying and having children is what adults do

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12
Q

What is social pressure?

A
  • Parents and peers may encourage and pressure young married couples to have children.
  • For some couples having children may signify the attainment of adult status
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13
Q

What is economic pressure?

A
  • Children represent an economic benefit to the family because their work may help them survive
  • They’ll be around to look after their parents in old age
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14
Q

What is familial pressure?

A
  • important to have children in order to continue the family lineage
  • want to see the family name continue
  • have children inherit family assets
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15
Q

What is emotional desire?

A
  • children provide opportunities for loving an being loved and having warmth of family life
  • biggest reason for having children
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16
Q

What is personal satisfaction?

A
  • children can bring pleasure into their parent’ lives

- caring for them and watching them develop can provide parents with satisfaction experience

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17
Q

What are the different types of marriage?

A

Conflict habituated, devitalized, passive congenial, vital, total

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18
Q

What is conflict habituated marriage?

A
  • Always in a crisis
  • constant bickering
  • fighting shows attachment
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19
Q

What is devitalized marriage?

A
  • begin with passion, changes to aparhy
  • routine oriented - “the old shoe”
  • Number of shared activities diminish
20
Q

What is passive congenial marriage?

A
  • similar to devitalized, except never exciting in the first place
  • settled from the start
21
Q

What is vital marriage?

A
  • high level of commitment and mutual satisfaction
  • strong involvement in each other’s lives
  • wealth for shared interests
22
Q

What is total marriage?

A
  • mesh of all aspects of life

- take the time to resolve differences

23
Q

What are reasons for epidemic numbers of divorce

A
  • easier to achieve security
  • changes in social norms
  • expect more from marriage
  • put less energy into marriage
24
Why do we put less energy into marriage?
We don't expect them to last
25
What are the attraction theories?
- Byme's law of attraction - complementary needs - parent image - equality - homogamy - propinquity - role compatibility - murstein's filter theory
26
What is Byme's law of attraction?
- feel attracted to people who give you positive reinforcement - learn to like people who are associates with positive events - meeting people at parties:good time, fun
27
What are complementary needs?
- attracted to someone who is our temperamental opposite - (opposites attract) - evolution - make perfect children - attracted to someone who has characteristics we admire and would like ourselves
28
When does the complementary needs become problematic?
When we want a person to fill the missing parts so that we don't need to improve ourselves
29
What is parent image?
- looking for a person who is like your mother or father | - role modeling: people who "fit" with our picture of what a "man" or "woman" should be
30
What is equity?
- we are attracted to the person who offers us the fairest exchange - "league" mataphor
31
What is equity based on?
- we seek pleasure/avoid pain (good outweigh bad) - we are inherently selfish (want best deal) - we are happiest when we get what we deserve (expectations) - we try to balance relationships (give and take)
32
What is homogamy?
-likes attract likes
33
What are you most likely to be attracted to in people in the homogamy theory?
- physical appearances - mental health - physical health - family background - family stability - popularity
34
What is propinquity?
- tendency to choose someone who lives close to home or who you see everyday - rational (they are "possible" because we're around them)
35
What is role compatibility?
- someone who fills your expectations of what a partner should do or be - the ideal mate - levinson's "the dream"
36
What is Murstein's filter theory?
-to find our mate we pass the people we meet through a series of filters until there is only one left
37
What are the filters of Murstein's filter theory?
- field of eligibles - propinquity filter - attraction filter - homogamy filter - compatibility filter - trial filter - decision filter - marriage
38
What is exogamy?
Marrying outside your social class
39
What is ethnocentrism?
The tendency to evaluate behaviour from the point of view of your own culture
40
What is matriarchy?
Woman as the head of the household (MA)
41
What is functionalism?
The sociological theory that tries to explain how a society is organized to perform functions effectively
42
What is symbolic interactionalism?
A psychological theory that attempts to explain how individuals choose how they will act based on their perceptions of themselves and others
43
What is systems theory?
The sociological theory that attempts to explain how groups of individuals interact in a system - a set of different parts that work together and influence one another in a relatively stable way over time
44
What is conflict theory?
An interdisciplinary sociological and political theory that explains that power, not functional interdependence, forms the basis of social organization; conflict exists between groups in society because the inequalities in power
45
What is the exchange theory?
-to maximize benefits and minimize costs | Do the risks outweigh the rewards?
46
What is education inflation?
Youth today require more education to qualify for the same jobs than in the past
47
What is credentialism?
Education is valued as a qualification for jobs rather than the pure knowledge of the subject (Learning is getting a piece of paper rather than understanding)

Can Fam (3 decks)

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