Terms

Question 0

What are the principal components of culture?

Answer 0

Value system, symbols, rules that limit sexual behaviour, division of labour according to gender

Question 1

What is culture

Answer 1

A collection of beliefs and behaviors followed by the general. Society’s way of life

Question 2

What is the value system?

Answer 2

all cultures structure their society according to value

Question 3

What are symbols?

Answer 3

All cultures us language, objects, sounds, signs, actions or appearances of members to organize universal membership

Question 4

What are rules that limit sexual behaviour?

Answer 4

All cultures have rules outlining who, when and where people can engage in intimate relations

Question 5

What is division of labour according to gender?

Answer 5

All cultures in some way divide tasks according to gender

Question 6

Whats an example of the value system?

Answer 6

Relationships: in Canada cheating is severely frowned upon, while in Afghanistan it is punishable by death

Question 7

What is an example of symbols?

Answer 7

Valentines day: roses, hearts, chocolates to show love

Question 8

What is a subculture?

Answer 8

A smaller group within overall cultural setting. Share dominant values but have values an customs of their own

Question 9

What is Kenkle’s theory?

Answer 9

Why people have children. Kenkle argues that all the reasons for having children can be grouped into 6 categories

Question 10

What are Kenkles 6 reasons people have children?

Answer 10

Cultural pressure, social pressure, economic pressure, familial pressure, emotional desire, personal satisfaction

Question 11

What is cultural pressure?

Answer 11

Marrying and having children is what adults do

Question 12

What is social pressure?

Answer 12

• Parents and peers may encourage and pressure young married couples to have children.
• For some couples having children may signify the attainment of adult status

Question 13

What is economic pressure?

Answer 13

• Children represent an economic benefit to the family because their work may help them survive
• They’ll be around to look after their parents in old age

Question 14

What is familial pressure?

Answer 14

• important to have children in order to continue the family lineage
• want to see the family name continue
• have children inherit family assets

Question 15

What is emotional desire?

Answer 15

• children provide opportunities for loving an being loved and having warmth of family life
• biggest reason for having children

Question 16

What is personal satisfaction?

Answer 16

• children can bring pleasure into their parent’ lives

- caring for them and watching them develop can provide parents with satisfaction experience

Question 17

What are the different types of marriage?

Answer 17

Conflict habituated, devitalized, passive congenial, vital, total

Question 18

What is conflict habituated marriage?

Answer 18

• Always in a crisis
• constant bickering
• fighting shows attachment

Question 19

What is devitalized marriage?

Answer 19

• begin with passion, changes to aparhy
• routine oriented - “the old shoe”
• Number of shared activities diminish

Question 20

What is passive congenial marriage?

Answer 20

• similar to devitalized, except never exciting in the first place
• settled from the start

Question 21

What is vital marriage?

Answer 21

• high level of commitment and mutual satisfaction
• strong involvement in each other’s lives
• wealth for shared interests

Question 22

What is total marriage?

Answer 22

• mesh of all aspects of life

- take the time to resolve differences

Question 23

What are reasons for epidemic numbers of divorce

Answer 23

• easier to achieve security
• changes in social norms
• expect more from marriage
• put less energy into marriage

Question 24

Why do we put less energy into marriage?

Answer 24

We don’t expect them to last

Question 25

What are the attraction theories?

Answer 25

• Byme’s law of attraction
• complementary needs
• parent image
• equality
• homogamy
• propinquity
• role compatibility
• murstein’s filter theory

Question 26

What is Byme’s law of attraction?

Answer 26

• feel attracted to people who give you positive reinforcement
• learn to like people who are associates with positive events
• meeting people at parties:good time, fun

Question 27

What are complementary needs?

Answer 27

• attracted to someone who is our temperamental opposite
• (opposites attract)
• evolution - make perfect children
• attracted to someone who has characteristics we admire and would like ourselves

Question 28

When does the complementary needs become problematic?

Answer 28

When we want a person to fill the missing parts so that we don’t need to improve ourselves

Question 29

What is parent image?

Answer 29

• looking for a person who is like your mother or father

- role modeling: people who “fit” with our picture of what a “man” or “woman” should be

Question 30

What is equity?

Answer 30

• we are attracted to the person who offers us the fairest exchange
• “league” mataphor

Question 31

What is equity based on?

Answer 31

• we seek pleasure/avoid pain (good outweigh bad)
• we are inherently selfish (want best deal)
• we are happiest when we get what we deserve (expectations)
• we try to balance relationships (give and take)

Question 32

What is homogamy?

Answer 32

-likes attract likes

Question 33

What are you most likely to be attracted to in people in the homogamy theory?

Answer 33

• physical appearances
• mental health
• physical health
• family background
• family stability
• popularity

Question 34

What is propinquity?

Answer 34

• tendency to choose someone who lives close to home or who you see everyday
• rational (they are “possible” because we’re around them)

Question 35

What is role compatibility?

Answer 35

• someone who fills your expectations of what a partner should do or be
• the ideal mate
• levinson’s “the dream”

Question 36

What is Murstein’s filter theory?

Answer 36

-to find our mate we pass the people we meet through a series of filters until there is only one left

Question 37

What are the filters of Murstein’s filter theory?

Answer 37

• field of eligibles
• propinquity filter
• attraction filter
• homogamy filter
• compatibility filter
• trial filter
• decision filter
• marriage

Question 38

What is exogamy?

Answer 38

Marrying outside your social class

Question 39

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 39

The tendency to evaluate behaviour from the point of view of your own culture

Question 40

What is matriarchy?

Answer 40

Woman as the head of the household (MA)

Question 41

What is functionalism?

Answer 41

The sociological theory that tries to explain how a society is organized to perform functions effectively

Question 42

What is symbolic interactionalism?

Answer 42

A psychological theory that attempts to explain how individuals choose how they will act based on their perceptions of themselves and others

Question 43

What is systems theory?

Answer 43

The sociological theory that attempts to explain how groups of individuals interact in a system - a set of different parts that work together and influence one another in a relatively stable way over time

Question 44

What is conflict theory?

Answer 44

An interdisciplinary sociological and political theory that explains that power, not functional interdependence, forms the basis of social organization; conflict exists between groups in society because the inequalities in power

Question 45

What is the exchange theory?

Answer 45

-to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Do the risks outweigh the rewards?

Question 46

What is education inflation?

Answer 46

Youth today require more education to qualify for the same jobs than in the past

Question 47

What is credentialism?

Answer 47

Education is valued as a qualification for jobs rather than the pure knowledge of the subject
(Learning is getting a piece of paper rather than understanding)