Terms

Question 1

Polymorphism

Answer 1

natural variation in gene, DNA sequence or chromosom occurring with high frequency

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

permanent alternation in the DNA sequence

Question 3

Polygenic nature

Answer 3

traits that are controlled by two or more genes at different loci on different chromosomes

Question 4

alleles

Answer 4

one of two or more versions of a gene

Question 5

Exons

Answer 5

are translated into amino acid sequences

Question 6

Introns

Answer 6

spliced out of RNA before it leaves the nucleus

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

various sequences of three bases coding the production of amino acids

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

set of DNA sequences consisting of 3 billion base pairs

Question 9

DNA bases

Answer 9

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 10

Chromosom

Answer 10

strand of DNA that is encoded by genes

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

is happily set of chromosomes times 2, building one set of chromosomes

Question 12

alternative splicing

Answer 12

cutting out introns

Question 13

redundant

Answer 13

same amino acids can be coded by different codons

Question 14

X-linkage

Answer 14

identification of a genes location on sex chromosomes

Question 15

skip-a-generation

Answer 15

recessive gene on the x-chromosom

Question 16

nondisjunction

Answer 16

failure to apportion the chromosomes equally e.g. trisomy 21

Question 17

genetic anticipation

Answer 17

symptoms appear a t earlier ages and with greater severity in successive generations because of repeated sequences

Question 18

Premutation

Answer 18

production of a sperm or egg with an expanded number of repeats

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

observed trait

Question 20

Carriers

Answer 20

carrie only one recessive allele and therefore are not affected

Question 21

linkage

Answer 21

pair of genes reside on the same chromosome and thus are inherit together

Question 22

heterozygous

Answer 22

presence of different allele at a given locus on both member of a chromosome

Question 23

homozygous

Answer 23

presence of the same alle at a given locus on both members of a chromosome

Question 24

genotype

Answer 24

individuals combination of allele

Question 25

Mendelian diseases

Answer 25

result of a single gene with large effect on behaviour

Question 26

x-linked

Answer 26

trait of the gene is on the x-chromosom

Question 27

Meiosis

Answer 27

gametic cell production, genetic material is reduced to half

Question 28

loci

Answer 28

is genes

Question 29

monogenic

Answer 29

single-gene, mendelian

Question 30

multigenic

Answer 30

polygentic or multifactorial

Question 31

chromosomal

Answer 31

inherit on chromosomes

Question 32

Endophenotypes

Answer 32

heritable behavior that is well measurable

Question 33

COMT

Answer 33

Catabolic enzyme with Val and Met, dopamine system

Question 34

WSGC

Answer 34

Waterloo-Stanford Groupscale, elevated arousal level

Question 35

DAT

Answer 35

Dopamine transporter polymorphism

Question 36

DRD4

Answer 36

Dopamine D4 receptor

Question 37

Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium

Answer 37

(p+q)° = 1

Question 38

inherit

Answer 38

how much genes count to develop a disease

Question 39

Monozygotic

Answer 39

identical, single egg single sperm, 100% of shared genes

Question 40

Dizygotic

Answer 40

fraternal, 2 eggs, 2 sperms, 50% of shared genes

Question 41

Zygosity Determination

Answer 41

DNA, similarity, questionnaire

Question 42

Heritability

Answer 42

genetic contribution to individual differences q, proportion of phenotypic variance by genetic effect (A+D)

Question 43

Total phenotypic variance

Answer 43

P= A+D+C+U

Question 44

additive genetic effect

Answer 44

change of a trait that is because of interbreeding e.g. with another kind

Question 45

heritability index

Answer 45

h°= Variance in Genotype/Variance in Phenotype