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Chemistry > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

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0
Q

Law of definite proportions

A

Any sample of a compound always has the same composition

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1
Q

Atomic theory

A

All matter is made of indivisible particles call atoms

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2
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

Mass ratio for one of the elements in a compound that combines with a fixed mass of another element can be expressed in small whole numbers

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3
Q

Mole

A

The SI unit for measuring a substance

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4
Q

Anode

A

An electrode through which electrons enter a metal

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5
Q

Cathode

A

An electrode through which electrons leave a metal

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6
Q

Alpha particle

A

Positively charged particle produced by some nuclear disintegration a

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7
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom

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8
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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9
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

The force between two charged particles is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

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10
Q

Isotope

A

One of two of more atoms of the same elements with different numbers of neutrons

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11
Q

Radioisotope

A

An unstable atom that undergoes radioactive decay

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12
Q

Quantum number

A

A number with certain definite values

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13
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

A maximum of two electrons can occupy each orbital and these electrons must have different spin quantum numbers

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14
Q

Aufbau principle

A

Electrons in an atom will occupy the lowest energy orbitals possible

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15
Q

Hund’s rule

A

The most stable arrangement of electrons is that with the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all with the same spin quantum number

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16
Q

Periodic law

A

The physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

17
Q

Period

A

A series of elements that from a horizontal row in the periodic table

18
Q

Group

A

A series of elements that from a vertical column in the period table

19
Q

Metal

A

An element that is a good conductor of electricity

20
Q

Transition metals

A

Elements in groups 3 through 12

21
Q

Nonmetal

A

An element that is a poor conductor of electricity

22
Q

Semiconductor

A

A crystalline material with intermediate electrical conductivity

23
Q

Main group elements

A

Elements belonging to groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 in the periodic table and having very regular electron configurations

24
Q

Alkali metals

A

Highly reactive metallic group elements in group 1

25
Q

Plasma

A

A gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral particles

26
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Reactive metallic elements in group 2 with two electrons in the outer shell

27
Q

Lanthanides

A

Shiny metallic transition metals with atomic numbers 58 through 71 in which electrons are added to 4f orbitals

28
Q

Actinides

A

Shiny, metallic transition metals with atomic numbers 90 through 103 in which electrons are added to 5f orbitals

29
Q

Halogen

A

A nonmetallic element in group 17 of the periodic table that has 7 electrons in the outer shell that combines with many metals to form salts

30
Q

Salt

A

A compound composed of positive and negative ions arranged in a regular three dimensional pattern

31
Q

Noble gases

A

Elements in group 18 of the periodic table that are characterized by low reactivity

32
Q

Crystal

A

A substance in which the atoms or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern

33
Q

Conduction band

A

A band within which electrons must move to allow electrical conduction

34
Q

Alloy

A

A solid or liquid solution of two or more metals

35
Q

Bond radius

A

One half the distance from center to center of two like atoms bonded together

36
Q

Van Der Waals radius

A

Half the distance between the nuclei in adjacent nonbonded molecules

37
Q

Electron affinity

A

The energy emitted upon the addition of an electron to an atom or group of atoms in the gas phase

38
Q

Nuclear reaction

A

A reaction that involves a change in the composition of the nucleus

39
Q

Transmutation

A

The process of changing one nucleus into another by radioactive disintegration or bombardment with other particles

40
Q

Super heavy element

A

An element with an atomic number greater than 106

Chemistry (3 decks)

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