Terms

Question 1

Ligaments

Answer 1

bone to bone

Question 2

Tendon

Answer 2

muscle to bone

Question 3

Chondroblasts

Answer 3

in a chondrocyte- builds cartilage

Question 4

Chondrocyte

Answer 4

cartilage maintaining

Question 5

lacuna (plural lacunae)

Answer 5

space in the matrix of bone or cartilage- normally occupied by a cell that can be visualized only when the cell shrinks away from the matrix during fixation

Question 6

perichondrium

Answer 6

double layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage

Question 7

articular cartilage

Answer 7

hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. It has no perichondrium, blood vessels, or nerves

Question 8

appositional growth

Answer 8

Chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage. It builds on the outside

Question 9

interstitial growth

Answer 9

Chondrocytes in the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells

Question 10

hydroxyapatite

Answer 10

inorganic material consisting primarily of calcium phosphate crystal

Question 11

osteoblasts

Answer 11

bone building

Question 12

matrix vesicles

Answer 12

Serves as initial cite of calcification. osteoblasts release these- membrane-bound sacs formed when the plasma membrane buds, or protrudes outward, and pinches off. Concentrates calcium and phosphate

Question 13

ossification

Answer 13

formation of bone by osteoblasts- occurs by appositional growth

Question 14

osteocyte

Answer 14

bone maintenance- becomes an osteocyte once osteoblasts are surrounded by bone matrix

Question 15

lacunae

Answer 15

space occupied by the osteocytes

Question 16

canaliculi

Answer 16

little canals- from each bone lacuna to connect with the canaliculi of adjacent lacunae

Question 17

osteoclasts

Answer 17

bone destroying cells- they perform reabsorption

Question 18

ruffled boarder

Answer 18

specialized reabsorption-specific area of the membrane

Question 19

stem cells

Answer 19

can replicate to form more specialized cells

Question 20

osteochondral progenitor cells

Answer 20

stem cells that can become osteocytes or osteoblasts- located in the inner layer of the perichondrium, periosteum, and endosteum

Question 21

periosteum

Answer 21

connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone

Question 22

endosteum

Answer 22

single layer of cells that lines the internal surfaces of all cavities within bones (for example: medullary cavity of the diaphysis, and the smaller cavities in spongy and compact bone

Question 23

diaphysis

Answer 23

shaft of long bone

Question 24

woven bone

Answer 24

collagen fibers randomly arranged- formed during fetal development or after a fracture

Question 25

bone remodeling

Answer 25

osteoclasts remove old bone and osteoblasts build new bone- changes bone from woven bone to lamellar bone

Question 26

lamellar bone

Answer 26

mature bone- layered

Question 27

trabeculae

Answer 27

rods in spongy bone

Question 28

central canals

Answer 28

vessels that run parallel to the long axis of the bone

Question 29

concentric lamellae

Answer 29

circular layers of bone matrix that surround the central canal

Question 30

osteon

Answer 30

has a central canal, concentric lamellae, and osteocytes

Question 31

circumferential lamellae

Answer 31

thin plates that extend around the bone

Question 32

interstitial lamella

Answer 32

between osteons- remnants of concentric or circumferential lamella that were partially removed during remodeling

Question 33

perforating canals

Answer 33

run perpendicular to long axis of the bone- blood vessels from the periosteum or the medullary cavity enter the bone through this

Question 34

epiphysis

Answer 34

develops from a center of ossification separate of the diaphysis