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Multicultural Counseling Exam > Terms > Flashcards

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0
Q

Dominant groups

A

the group of people in society who have more economic and cultural power

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1
Q

“-isms”

A

Refer to the constructs such as racism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, ableism, and classism

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2
Q

Thinking Under the Influence

A

limited thoughts or judgments based upon “dominant belief systems or stereotypes

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3
Q

Stereotypes

A

oversimplified preconceptions and generalizations about members of social groups that “provide meaning and organize perceptions, interferences, and judgments about persons identified as belonging to a particular social category

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4
Q

Internalized oppression

A

accepting ideas and believing negative stereotypes of one’s social identity group that make their group feel inferior

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5
Q

Mindful

A

being open to new ideas and insights, to be aware and thoughtful about what you are thinking

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6
Q

Monocultural

A

when society accepts one main culture

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7
Q

Difference

A

refers to a characteristic of identity such as gender, race, or age

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8
Q

Social Constructionist

A

Our identity arises out of interactions with other people and is based on language

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9
Q

Socialization

A

Different messages or beliefs forced upon by friends, family, or media about who people are supposed to be

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10
Q

Essentialism

A

Assumptions that social differences stem from intrinsic, innate, human variations unrelated to social forces

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11
Q

Social Identity

A

the ways in which individuals and collectivities are distinguished in their social relationship with other individuals and collectivities

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12
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

Humans’ tendency to label self and others based on individual and group identity. Members of social identity groups constantly compare their group with others, and they try to show that their group is positively distinct

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13
Q

Hegemony

A

the process of moral, philosophical, and political leadership that a social group attains only with the active consent of other important social groups

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14
Q

Discursive practices

A

characteristic ways of speaking and writing that both constitute and reflect our experiences that can help to produce, maintain, or resist systems of power

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15
Q

Discursive closure

A

processes that mute or distort voices of certain persons or groups rather than having open discussion

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16
Q

Etic

A

culturally universal

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17
Q

Emic

A

culturally specific

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18
Q

Power

A

ability to dominate or the ability to control

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19
Q

Multicultural counseling and therapy

A

both a helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients; advocates the use of universal and culture-specific strategies and roles in the healing process; and balances the importance of individualism and collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of client and client systems

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20
Q

Heteronormativity

A

refers to a belief system that values and normalizes heterosexual identity while marginalizing and stigmatizing individuals who do not identify as heterosexual

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21
Q

psychology

A

the study of mind and behavior

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22
Q

Glass ceiling

A

the unofficial acknowledged barrier to achievement in a profession, especially affecting women and members of minorities

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23
Q

Cultural competence

A

the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems

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24
Emotion labor
a type of work wherein employees are paid to create a ‘package’ of emotions
25
Gender classifications
are based on a “web of socially constructed meanings that differentiate humans on the basis of perceived physical, social, and psychological characteristics…Thus, gender refers to cultural norms of femininity and masculinity. In current popular usage, the word gender encompasses biological and socio-cultural aspects of identity, while sex generally means sexual intercourse
26
Sex segregation
the extent to which women and men are concentrated in different industries, establishments, occupations, and jobs, and in the extent to which any particular job is dominated by workers of one sex
27
Patriarchy
structural dominance of men that is built into the institutions of society”. Patriarchal societies enact a hierarchy of gender in which “men as a category have systemic advantages over women whether men desire these advantages or not
28
Inclusive masculinity
a softer version of masculinity among younger men based on reduced homophobia and decreased sexism, as well as acceptance of feminine social behavior among other men
29
Powerless speech styles
ending statements with a question in an unsure manner, typically used by women
30
Ethnicity
categories of people who are distinctive on the basis of national origin or heritage, language, or cultural practices
31
Cultural Competence
cultural competence includes having an understanding and acceptance to the beliefs, values, and ethics of others as well as to the demonstrated skills necessary to work with and sever different individuals and groups
32
Familialism
a high valuation is placed on family loyalty and unity
33
balkanization
breaking up into smaller, hostile groups
34
Discriminatory silence
the public or private withholding of speech, specifically the withholding of voiced objections to statements that dismiss, disconfirm, or alienate a person because of racial, ethnic, or cultural origin when the ethical action would be to peak up
35
Cultural Encapsulation
the substitution of modal stereotypes for the real world, the disregarding of cultural variations in a dogmatic adherence to some universal notion of truth, the use of a technique-oriented definition of the counseling process
36
Culturally deprived
to lack a cultural background
37
Social justice counseling/therapy
an active philosophy and a approach aimed at producing conditions that allow for equal access and opportunity; reducing or eliminating disparities in education, health care, employment, and other areas that lower the quality of life for affected populations…and broadening the role of the helping professional to include not only counselor/therapist but advocate, consultant, psychoeducator, change agent, community worker, and so on
38
micro level of analysis
analyzing the individual
39
macro level of analysis
analyzing the system
40
Phenotypes
An aspect of identity based on physiological features including skin color, hair texture, body type, and facial features
41
Scientific Racism
the historical use of science in the investigation of racial differences seeming to be linked to white supremacist notions
42
Racism
The dislike or stereotyping of members or groups of a specific race
43
therapeutic wisdom
endorses the notion that we become better therapists the more we understand our own motives, biases, values and assumptions about human behavio
44
victim blaming
faulted for the obstacles minorities encounter
45
culture of poverty
poor people collectively exhibit traits that keep them down
46
Socioeconomic status (SES)
combination of income, education, and occupation
47
Microaggressions
brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages’ to a target group such as people of color, women, and gays
48
Color-blind
To overlook one's racial group membership, denying an intimate and important aspect of one's identity
49
Institutional Racism
A set of policies, priorities, and accepted normative patterns designed to subjugate, oppress, and force dependence of individuals and groups on a larger society
50
Locus of responsibility
the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system
51
Internal Control (IC)
people's beliefs that reinforcements are contingent on their own actions and that they can shape their own fate
52
External Control (EC)
people's beliefs that reinforcing events occur independently of their actions and that the future is determined more by chance and luck
53
Marginal person
a person’s inability to form dual ethnic identification because of bicultural membership
54
Ascription
Placement in a class system based on conditions at birth such as family background, race, sex, or place of birth
55
Achievement
Placement in a class system as a result of individual effort or merit such as running a profitable business or earning a college degree
56
Ethnocentric monoculturalism
the values, assumptions, beliefs, and practices of our society are structured in such a manner as to serve only one narrow segment of the population
57
Invisible veil
values and beliefs that operate outside of the level of conscious awareness where people assume universality
58
Universality
that regardless of race, culture, ethnicity or gender, everyone shares the nature of reality and truth
59
Cultural genocide
another term for the melting pot of the United States
60
Uncle Tom Syndrome
a defense mechanism used by minorities to appear docile, nonassertive, and happy-go-lucky in order to survive slavery
61
Credibility
the constellation of characteristics that makes certain individuals appear worth of belief, capable, entitled to confidence, reliable, and trustworthy
62
quid pro quo
incidents when the harasser has power or authority over the victim
63
Microinsult
Unintentional behaviors or verbal comments that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person's racial heritage/identity. gender identity, religion, ability or sexual orientation identity
64
Microinvalidations
verbal comments or behaviors that exude, negate or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of the target group
65
Microassault
Blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attack intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments
66
Sexuality
social expression of social relations to and social reference to bodily desire or desires, real or imagined, by or for others or for oneself, together with the related bodily states and experiences
67
Covert sexism
refers to unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manne
68
“People First” Language
an objective way to acknowledge, communicate and report on disabilities by stressing each person’s individuality
69
Handicap
when the physical or social environment interacts with it to impede a person in some aspect of his or her life
70
Eugenics
a science of social engineering that seeks to improve hereditary qualities of human beings through careful selection of parents
71
Paralanguage
other vocal cues that individuals use to communicate
72
Ableism
a ‘network of beliefs, processes and practices that produces a particular kind of self and body (the corporeal standard) that is projected as the perfect, species-typical and therefore essential and fully human
73
Culture-bound syndromes
disorders that only appear in specific cultures and societies
74
Minority standard time
a tendency for poor people to have a low regard for punctuality
75
Dignidad and respecto
concepts of Hispanic people that say people are born with innate worth and importance
76
Stereotypes
rigid preconceptions we hold about all members of a particular group, whether it be defined along racial, religious, sexual, or other lines; can be problematic because they are impervious to logic or experience
77
Accommodation
ways a person adapts or adjusts a speech response to (actual and perceived) features of another person
78
Proxemics
perception and use of personal and interpersonal space
79
Kinesics
bodily movements
80
Deficit model of aging
characterizes old age as a pathological condition in which individuals undergo physical and mental decline
81
Psychological survival
the need for minorities to accurately read where people are coming form in order to prevent invalidation of the self, and to persevere on an emotional level
82
High context message
one that is anchored in the physical context or internalized in the person
83
Woofing
an exchange of threats and challenges to fight, a part of African American culture
84
Cultural adaptations
(a) matching language, racial or ethnic; (b) incorporating cultural values in the specific treatment strategies; (c) utilizing cultural sayings or metaphors in treatment; and (d) considering the impact of environmental variables, such as acculturation conflicts, discrimination, and income status
85
Universal-diversity orientation
interest in diversity, contact with diverse groups, comfort with similarities and differences
86
Connectedness
having feelings of closeness with the therapist, working together in an enabling atmosphere, receiving support for change, and being provided an equality of status within the working relationship
87
Empathy
ability to place oneself in the client’s world, to feel or think from the client’s perspective, or to be attuned to the client
88
Spirituality
the animating force in life, represented by such images as breath, wind, vigor, and courage
89
Religion
a specific doctrine and particular system of beliefs
90
Indigenous healing
helping beliefs and practices that originate within the culture or society
91
Universal shamanic tradition
the centuries old recognition of healers within a community
92
race salience
the degree to which race is an important and integral part of a person’s approach to life
93
immersion-emersion
the person withdraws from the dominant culture and becomes immersed in African American culture
94
personal commitment to action
interrupting other White Americans when they make racist remarks, tell racist jokes, or engage in racist actions, even if this is embarrassing or frightening
95
Denial and mystification of Whiteness
White people rather not think about their Whiteness, are uncomfortable or react negatively to being labeled as White, deny its importance in affecting their lives, and seem to believe they are unjustifiably accused of being bigoted simply because they are White
96
Comparable worth
requires employees to pay the same wage for dissimilar work of equivalent value

Multicultural Counseling Exam (1 decks)

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