Terms Flashcards
Dominant groups
the group of people in society who have more economic and cultural power
“-isms”
Refer to the constructs such as racism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, ableism, and classism
Thinking Under the Influence
limited thoughts or judgments based upon “dominant belief systems or stereotypes
Stereotypes
oversimplified preconceptions and generalizations about members of social groups that “provide meaning and organize perceptions, interferences, and judgments about persons identified as belonging to a particular social category
Internalized oppression
accepting ideas and believing negative stereotypes of one’s social identity group that make their group feel inferior
Mindful
being open to new ideas and insights, to be aware and thoughtful about what you are thinking
Monocultural
when society accepts one main culture
Difference
refers to a characteristic of identity such as gender, race, or age
Social Constructionist
Our identity arises out of interactions with other people and is based on language
Socialization
Different messages or beliefs forced upon by friends, family, or media about who people are supposed to be
Essentialism
Assumptions that social differences stem from intrinsic, innate, human variations unrelated to social forces
Social Identity
the ways in which individuals and collectivities are distinguished in their social relationship with other individuals and collectivities
Social Identity Theory
Humans’ tendency to label self and others based on individual and group identity. Members of social identity groups constantly compare their group with others, and they try to show that their group is positively distinct
Hegemony
the process of moral, philosophical, and political leadership that a social group attains only with the active consent of other important social groups
Discursive practices
characteristic ways of speaking and writing that both constitute and reflect our experiences that can help to produce, maintain, or resist systems of power
Discursive closure
processes that mute or distort voices of certain persons or groups rather than having open discussion
Etic
culturally universal
Emic
culturally specific
Power
ability to dominate or the ability to control
Multicultural counseling and therapy
both a helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients; advocates the use of universal and culture-specific strategies and roles in the healing process; and balances the importance of individualism and collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of client and client systems
Heteronormativity
refers to a belief system that values and normalizes heterosexual identity while marginalizing and stigmatizing individuals who do not identify as heterosexual
psychology
the study of mind and behavior
Glass ceiling
the unofficial acknowledged barrier to achievement in a profession, especially affecting women and members of minorities
Cultural competence
the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems
Emotion labor
a type of work wherein employees are paid to create a ‘package’ of emotions
Gender classifications
are based on a “web of socially constructed meanings that differentiate humans on the basis of perceived physical, social, and psychological characteristics…Thus, gender refers to cultural norms of femininity and masculinity. In current popular usage, the word gender encompasses biological and socio-cultural aspects of identity, while sex generally means sexual intercourse
Sex segregation
the extent to which women and men are concentrated in different industries, establishments, occupations, and jobs, and in the extent to which any particular job is dominated by workers of one sex
Patriarchy
structural dominance of men that is built into the institutions of society”. Patriarchal societies enact a hierarchy of gender in which “men as a category have systemic advantages over women whether men desire these advantages or not
Inclusive masculinity
a softer version of masculinity among younger men based on reduced homophobia and decreased sexism, as well as acceptance of feminine social behavior among other men
Powerless speech styles
ending statements with a question in an unsure manner, typically used by women
Ethnicity
categories of people who are distinctive on the basis of national origin or heritage, language, or cultural practices
Cultural Competence
cultural competence includes having an understanding and acceptance to the beliefs, values, and ethics of others as well as to the demonstrated skills necessary to work with and sever different individuals and groups
Familialism
a high valuation is placed on family loyalty and unity
balkanization
breaking up into smaller, hostile groups
Discriminatory silence
the public or private withholding of speech, specifically the withholding of voiced objections to statements that dismiss, disconfirm, or alienate a person because of racial, ethnic, or cultural origin when the ethical action would be to peak up
Cultural Encapsulation
the substitution of modal stereotypes for the real world, the disregarding of cultural variations in a dogmatic adherence to some universal notion of truth, the use of a technique-oriented definition of the counseling process
Culturally deprived
to lack a cultural background
Social justice counseling/therapy
an active philosophy and a approach aimed at producing conditions that allow for equal access and opportunity; reducing or eliminating disparities in education, health care, employment, and other areas that lower the quality of life for affected populations…and broadening the role of the helping professional to include not only counselor/therapist but advocate, consultant, psychoeducator, change agent, community worker, and so on
