Terms 2

Question 1

What characteristics were particular to Beethoven’s late style?

Answer 1

1. Increased lyricism
2. Interest in fugue and counterpoint
3. Interest in variation
4. Highly original approach to form on broad level

Question 2

What changes to the symphony was Beethoven notable for?

Answer 2

1. Increased weight on the finale of the instrumental cycles as the summation of the whole work (eg. the finale of the 9th symphony)
2. Synthesis of genres (eg. Hymn, Lied, march, fugue, concerts, etc. in the finale of the 9th)

Question 3

What does through composed mean?

Answer 3

A piece is composed with different music between verses (no repetition inn the music)

Question 4

What does strophic mean?

Answer 4

A piece is composed with repeated music within the verses

Question 5

What does modified strophic mean?

Answer 5

A piece is composed with repeated music between the verses with some changes from verse to verse

Question 6

What is a ballad?

Answer 6

A piece that narrates a story in short stanzas or verses

Question 7

What is a song cycle?

Answer 7

A collection of lieds

Question 8

Who was part of the 2nd Berlin school and what composition style did they favour?

Answer 8

Reichardt, Zelter and Goethe, favouring strophic and modified strophic settings

Question 9

What were favourable conditions for the lied?

Answer 9

1. Flowering of German lyrical poetry (movement towards a short reflective lyric based on nature and folk poetry)
2. Improvements in the sound and capabilities of the piano

Question 10

What characteristics were particular to Schubert’s lieds?

Answer 10

Vivid settings, partnership of piano and voice

Question 11

What characteristics were particular to Schumann’s lieds?

Answer 11

Strong literacy background, harmonically adventurous, emphasis on the partnership between piano and voice, and piano preludes and postludes

Question 12

What characteristics were particular to Brahms’ lieds?

Answer 12

Strong connection to Schumann, interest in folksong

Question 13

What characteristics were particular to Wolf’s lieds?

Answer 13

Influence of the music of Wagner and his harmonic developments, tonality by implication, use of parallel augmented chords

Question 14

What characteristics were particular to Mahler’s lieds?

Answer 14

Orchestral lied, influenced by folk song

Question 15

What developments were made to the piano in the 19th century?

Answer 15

1. Larger range (5 octaves to 7 octaves)
2. Metal braces to wooden frame to full metal frame (increased tension)
3. Stronger metal strings for strong tone
4. Over-stringing of bass strings
5. Triple strings in upper register vs. double stringing in the bass
6. Double escapement for rapid repetition of notes

Question 16

Who were the promenant piano makers?

Answer 16

Broadwood, Erard, and Pleyel

Question 17

Who developed the solo piano recital?

Answer 17

Liszt and Clara Schumann

Question 18

What piano genres were popular in the 19th Century?

Answer 18

Virtuoso pieces (Étude, and Opera paraphrase), Intimate pieces (Character piece, nocturne, impromptu), Substantial pieces (ballade, rhapsody, fantasie), Sonata and Variations, Dances