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Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Shaman

A

men, women with magical healing power, and claiming ability to communicate with other world

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2
Q

Haja bird

A

Peacock

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3
Q

faience

A

made from ground sand or silica mixed with colour and gum and fired

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4
Q

Epigraphy

A

study of inscriptions

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5
Q

Piyadassi

A

pleasant to behold

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6
Q

Palaeography

A

study of writing

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7
Q

Janapadas

A

jana that is people set their foot or settled

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8
Q

Gana or sangha

A

oligarchies

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9
Q

Raja

A

head of the janapada

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10
Q

Dhamma Mahamatta

A

officers to spread the message of dhamma

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11
Q

Tamilakam

A

ancient tamil state including AP, Kerala and TN

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12
Q

Samanta

A

Local ruler during Gupta period that helped the king

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13
Q

Prashastis

A

compositions praising the king

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14
Q

Adimai

A

Tamil for slaves

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15
Q

Gahapati

A

Pali word for small peasants and large landholders, more specifically owner/master/head of household

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16
Q

Vellalar

A

Tamil for large landowner / cultivating groups

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17
Q

Uzhavar

A

Tamil for ploughmen

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18
Q

Agrahara

A

land grants to Brahmana, usually excepted from paying revenue

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19
Q

Gramakutumbinas

A

sanskrit for householders/peasants

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20
Q

Votive inscriptions

A

record gifts to religious institutions

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21
Q

Sovanika

A

Pali for goldsmith

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22
Q

Shrenis

A

guilds that organized craft producers and merchants

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23
Q

Pativedaka

A

reporter

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24
Q

Masattuvan

A

Tamil for merchant

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25
Q

Setthi or Satthavahas

A

Prakrit for Merchants

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26
Q

Devanampiya

A

Beloved of gods

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27
Q

Kula

A

family in sanskrit

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28
Q

jnati

A

kinfolk in sanskrit

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29
Q

vamsha

A

lineage in sanskrit

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30
Q

Gotra

A

classification of people based on descend from a vedic seer

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31
Q

Mlechchhas

A

barbarians or outsiders

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32
Q

Jati

A

occupational structure

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33
Q

Vanik

A

merchant in sanskrit

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34
Q

Nishada

A

hunter gathers forest dwellers

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35
Q

Chandala

A

category of people performing ‘polluting’ tasks, living outside villages. at the very bottom of the social order

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36
Q

Mahasammata

A

great elect

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37
Q

Suta

A

charioteer bards

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38
Q

Rajasuya

A

royal consecration ceremony that signifies a king’s sovereignty and divine charisma

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39
Q

Ashvamedha

A

horse sacrifice” and refers to a Vedic ritual performed by kings to assert their sovereignty and establish their authority over a territory.

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40
Q

Kutagarashala

A

hut with a pointed roof where travelling mendicants halted

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41
Q

Trithankara

A

who guide people across the stream of existence

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42
Q

Anicca

A

Transient

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43
Q

Anatta

A

soulless

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44
Q

Samanas

A

those who have renounced the world

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45
Q

Nibbana

A

self realization

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46
Q

Bhikkhus

A

begs for alms

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47
Q

Sangha

A

organization of Monks

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48
Q

metta and karuna

A

fellow feeling and compassion; teaching of Buddha

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49
Q

Chaitya

A

shrine; an extension of the funerary mound

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50
Q

Anda

A

semi circular mound of a stupa

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51
Q

Harmika

A

baclong like structure on the stupa, representing abode of god

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52
Q

Yashti

A

mast on the stupa

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53
Q

chatri

A

umbrella surrounding the yashti

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54
Q

empty seat buddhism

A

meditation of buddha

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55
Q

stupa meaning

A

mahaparinibbana

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56
Q

mahaparinibbana

A

Death of Buddha

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57
Q

wheel in buddhism

A

first sermon

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58
Q

Dhammacakkappavattana

A

first sermon

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59
Q

Shalabhanjika

A

woman whose touch to sprout flowers and bear fruit

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60
Q

Gajalaksmi or Maya

A

women surrounded with elephants and lotus

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61
Q

Bodhisattas

A

monks not attaining nibbana, to help others

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62
Q

Theravadins

A

followers of Theravada/Sthaviravada/orthodox sect of buddhism

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63
Q

Dharma

A

discharge of duty or righteousness

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64
Q

Artha

A

acquirement of wealth

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65
Q

Kama

A

gratification of desire

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66
Q

Moksha

A

final emancipation

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67
Q

Rita

A

physical order of the universe, the order of the sacrifice and the moral law of the world

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68
Q

Paramitas/Paramis

A

Perfections whose attainment led to the Bodhisattva path

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69
Q

Sthanakvasi

A

sect of Svetambara Jainism

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70
Q

Nayaputta

A

Mahavira

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71
Q

Shakyamuni

A

Buddha

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72
Q

Tathagata

A

Buddha

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73
Q

Bhagavat

A

Buddha

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74
Q

Mahasanghikas

A

Predecessor of Mahayana

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75
Q

Lokottarvadin

A

sub sect of Mahasanghikas that believe in supernatural buddha

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76
Q

Hinayana

A

don’t believe in Idol Worship

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77
Q

Mahayana

A

gave prominence to Bodhisattva ideal, Deitification, ideal worship

78
Q

Sthanakvasi

A

Sub sect of Svetambara, founded by a merchant named Lavaji

79
Q

Digambara

80
Q

Svetambara

A

White cloths

81
Q

Maitreya

A

bodhisattva who will arrive on Earth in the future, and save the world

82
Q

Sautrantikas

A

sub sect of Hinayana, believes in the authority of the Sutra or words of Buddha. But not of the Abhidharma, the more schematic part of the canon.

83
Q

Sammitiya

A

Buddhist school; existence of a “person” (Sanskrit: pudgala) that endures as a carrier of skandhas (the five aggregates that make up an individual

84
Q

Sarvastivada/Vaibhashika

A

Believes in Law of Karma

85
Q

Sattva

A

Living being

86
Q

Bodhi

A

Enlightened

87
Q

Bhumisparsha

A

pose of Buddha at the time of enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, when he summoned the earth goddess Sthavara.

88
Q

Mitakshara

A

Hindu school of law followed in most of India

89
Q

Dayabhaga

A

Hindu school of law followed in most of Bengal

90
Q

Hundi

A

bill of exchange

91
Q

Nivartana, kulyavapa and dronavapa

A

land measurement under Guptas

92
Q

Vishti

A

forced labour

93
Q

Marumakkatayam, Aliyasantana,
and Nambudiri

A

Systems of Law followed in south India

94
Q

Kshetra

A

land under cultivation

95
Q

Khila

A

Uncultivated land

96
Q

Aprahata

97
Q

Gopata Sarah or Charagah Bhoomi

A

pasturelands

98
Q

Vasti

A

habitable land

99
Q

Vattakirutal (Honour)

A

fasting facing
north; other rituals include fasting with death

100
Q

Eripatti

A

land donated by individuals, the revenue from which was set apart for the maintenance of the village tank.

101
Q

Taniyurs

A

large villages under Chola administrative division

102
Q

Ghatikas and Matha attached to temples.

A

centers of higher learning

103
Q

Saptang

A

7 elements of state theory by Kautilya

104
Q

Amatya

A

Ministers (Kautilya)

105
Q

Durg

106
Q

Khosa

107
Q

Yuvraja

A

Crown prince

108
Q

Purohita

A

Chief priest

109
Q

Senapati

A

Commander in Chief

110
Q

Sanni-dhatta

A

Chief treasury officer (Maurya)

111
Q

Sama-Harta

A

Collector general of revenue

112
Q

Vyavaharika or Dharmastha

A

Chief justice Dharmasthiya Nyayalaya (civil court)

113
Q

Pradeshta

A

Chief justice of Kantakashodhan Nyayalaya (criminal court)

114
Q

Rashtrapala or Kumara

A

Viceroy of province

115
Q

Pradesika

116
Q

Rajuka

A

Patwari; surveying and assessing land

117
Q

Yukta

A

revenue officer at district level

118
Q

Sthanika

A

collecting officer under Pradeshika

119
Q

Gopa

120
Q

Nagaraka

A

officer of city administration

121
Q

Aksha-patala

A

Accountant general

122
Q

Sita-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of agriculture

123
Q

Pany-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of commerce

124
Q

Samsth-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of market

125
Q

Pautav-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of weights and measure

126
Q

Nava-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of ships

127
Q

Sulka-ahyaaksha

A

Collector of tolls

128
Q

Akar-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of mines

129
Q

Loha-ahyaaksha

A

supervisor of iron

130
Q

Chakra

A

Province headed Rashtrapala or Kumara

131
Q

Ahar or Vishaya

A

District headed by Pradeshika and Rajuka

132
Q

Sangrahana

A

group of 10 villages headed by Gopa

133
Q

Gram

A

village headed by Gramika

134
Q

Gudhapurusha

A

detectives

135
Q

Setubandh

A

irrigation facilities

136
Q

Dinaras

A

gold coins

137
Q

Maha-pratihari

A

chief usher of royal palace

138
Q

Dandapashika

A

chief officer of police department

139
Q

Vinayasthitisthapa

A

chief officer of religious affairs

140
Q

Mahapilupati

A

Chief of elephant corps

141
Q

Mahashvapati

A

chief of cavalry

142
Q

Bhukti/Bhoga

A

province headed by Bhogapati or Uparika

143
Q

Vishaya

A

District headed by Ayukta and Vishyapati

144
Q

Vithika or Nagar

A

city headed by nagarpati or purapati

145
Q

Gram

A

village headed by gramika

146
Q

Paura

A

city council

147
Q

Senabhakta

A

feeding the passing army as a tax

148
Q

Pustapala

A

records all land transactions of district

149
Q

Bhaga and Bhoga

A

customary 1/6th produce as tax and periodic supply of goods from the village to king

150
Q

Bali and Uparikara

A

Voluntary offering, other compulsory, additional oppressive tax and an extra tax levied on all subjects

151
Q

Samsara

A

Transmigration

152
Q

Kaya-klesha or salekhan

A

jain tradition of slow starvation to death

153
Q

Bherighosa

A

physical conquest

154
Q

Dhammaghosa

A

cultural conquest

155
Q

Magadha

A

memorising of chronicles, dynasty histories, and epic tales was the profession

156
Q

Parivraajaka

A

renunciant and wanderer, someone who leaves their home to pursue spiritual goals, practicing detachment from worldly life and wandering in search of spiritual knowledge

157
Q

Agraharika

A

someone who oversaw or managed land grants (Agrahara) given to Brahmins for their subsistence or settlement

158
Q

Aranyakas

A

Literally ‘forest Books’; Part Of The Vedic Corpus

159
Q

Akam

A

Sangam love poems

160
Q

Antarala

A

vestibule or antechamber of a temple

161
Q

Anvikshiki

A

‘looking at’; logical reasoning

162
Q

Ardhamandapa

A

hall preceding the sanctum in a temple

163
Q

Arhat

A

person who has attained enlightenment

164
Q

Ariya-sachchani

A

Four Noble Truths related to suffering

165
Q

Astika schools

A

philosophical schools that accepted the authority of the Vedas, later came to be described as the six classical systems of Hindu philosophy

166
Q

Burin

A

a small stone tool, made on a blade, with a ‘screw-driver’ edge

167
Q

Grantha script

A

South Indian script used for writing Sanskrit

168
Q

Kottam

A

settlement clusters in the Pallava kingdom, similar to the nadus kraya-shasana: a secular land-sale deed

169
Q

Kshatra

A

secular power

170
Q

Kshatrapa

A

a viceroy or subordinate ruler of the Scytho-Parthians; a title assumed by kings of the Kshaharata and Kardamaka dynasties

171
Q

Madhayamaka

A

A Major Mahayana School Founded By Nagarjuna, In Which The Idea Of Shunyata (Emptiness) Is Of Great Importance

172
Q

Mahakshatrapa

A

Viceroy, Subordinate Ruler; A Title Assumed By Some Kings Of The Kshaharata And Kardamaka Dynasties

173
Q

Pariharas

A

Exemptions And Privileges Granted To Donees In Royal Land Grants Parinibbana The Passing Away Of The Buddha

174
Q

Patichcha- samuppada

A

Pali, the law of dependent origination; a part of the Buddha’s teaching

175
Q

Periyapuranam

A

A 12th century work containing hagiographies of the Nayanmar saints

176
Q

Pravara

A

names of one, two, three, or five supposed ancestral rishis, connected with the gotra system of the Brahmanas

177
Q

Puram

A

war poems of the Sangam corpus

178
Q

Sabha

A

Assembly Of Brahmins In Chola Period

179
Q

Tirumurai

A

canon of South Indian Shaiva bhakti

180
Q

Tiruttondar-Tiruvantai

A

work by Nambi Andar Nambi, which gives a short hagiography of the Nayanmar saints

181
Q

Tiruttondar-Tokai

A

work by Sundarar, which lists 62 Nayanmar saints

182
Q

Torana

A

the gateway of a shrine

183
Q

Transepts

A

vertical stone slabs that divide a megalithic chamber tomb into sections

184
Q

Varna-Samkara

A

inter mixing of varnas

185
Q

Vassavasa

A

Monsoon Retreat Of Buddhist Monks

186
Q

Viragal

A

Word For A ‘hero Stone’ In The Tamil Nadu Area

187
Q

Vatteluttu

A

ancient South Indian script used for writing Tamil

188
Q

velir

A

chie ains of South India

189
Q

Vendar

A

three ‘crowned kings’ of early historical South India, i.e., the Cholas, Cheras, and pandyas

190
Q

yupa

A

sacrificial post

Ancient History (4 decks)

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