Terms Flashcards
Define nationalism
A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation or group.
What is imperialism?
A policy or ideology of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.
Define militarism
The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
What was the Triple Entente?
An alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain before World War I.
What was the Triple Alliance?
An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I.
Who were the Allies in World War I?
The coalition of nations including France, Russia, and Great Britain, later joined by Italy and the United States.
Who were the Central Powers?
The coalition of nations including Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
What does balance of power mean?
A distribution of power among nations that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.
Who was Sir Robert Borden?
The Prime Minister of Canada during World War I.
What is national identity?
The sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, represented by distinctive traditions, culture, language, and politics.
What was the Canadian Expeditionary Force?
The main military force representing Canada in World War I.
Who was Sam Hughes?
The Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I, known for his controversial policies.
What is a Ross rifle?
A Canadian-made rifle used by the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I.
What is a Lee-Enfield rifle?
A British bolt-action rifle used by the British and Commonwealth forces during World War I.
What is the War Measures Act?
A Canadian law that allowed the government to take special measures during wartime, including censorship and internment.
What does habeas corpus refer to?
A legal principle that protects against unlawful detention.
What were internment camps?
Facilities used to detain individuals considered a threat to national security during wartime.
What is propaganda?
Information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a political cause or point of view.
What are dirigibles or airships?
Blimps or balloons used for military reconnaissance and bombing during World War I.
What are U-boats?
German submarines used in naval warfare during World War I.
What are torpedoes?
Self-propelled weapons designed to be launched underwater to destroy ships.
What is chlorine gas?
A chemical weapon used for the first time in World War I, causing severe respiratory damage.
What is trench warfare?
A type of combat where opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
What is trench foot?
A medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary, and cold conditions.
What is shell-shock?
A psychological condition resulting from the trauma of warfare, now known as PTSD.
What does ‘over the top’ mean?
A phrase used to describe soldiers leaving the safety of their trenches to attack the enemy.
What is No Man’s Land?
The area between opposing trenches that is unoccupied and often dangerous.
What was the Western Front?
The main theater of war during World War I, characterized by trench warfare.
What was the Eastern Front?
The theater of conflict in Eastern Europe during World War I, primarily involving Germany and Austria-Hungary against Russia.
What was the significance of Ypres?
A series of battles in World War I, notable for the first large-scale use of poison gas.
What was the Battle of the Somme?
A major battle in World War I known for its high casualties and the use of tanks.
What was Vimy Ridge?
A significant battle during World War I where Canadian forces achieved a notable victory.
What was Passchendaele?
A battle during World War I known for its horrific conditions and heavy casualties.
Who was General Haig?
The British commander of the Expeditionary Force during much of World War I.
Who was Arthur Currie?
The first Canadian to command the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
Who was Billy Bishop?
A Canadian fighter pilot and a war hero known for his aerial victories.
Who was John McCrae?
A Canadian poet and physician known for writing ‘In Flanders Fields.’
What are casualties?
Individuals killed, wounded, or missing in military action.
What was the Royal Flying Corps?
The air arm of the British Army during World War I.
What is a merchant marine?
A fleet of merchant vessels used for commercial shipping and trade.
What are convoys?
Groups of ships traveling together for mutual protection during wartime.
What are Victory Bonds?
Government bonds sold to finance military operations during World War I.
What is income tax?
A tax imposed on individual earnings, introduced in Canada during World War I to fund the war effort.
What was the Halifax disaster?
A catastrophic explosion in Halifax Harbour in 1917, caused by a munitions ship collision.
What is conscription?
Mandatory enlistment in the military service during wartime.
What were the Hundred Days?
The final series of offensives by the Allies in World War I leading to the end of the war.
What is an armistice?
An agreement to stop fighting, leading to a ceasefire.
What was the Paris Peace Conference?
The meeting of Allied Powers to negotiate peace treaties after World War I.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace treaty that officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations on Germany.
What are reparations?
Compensation imposed on a defeated nation for the damage caused during a conflict.
What is rationing?
The controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services during wartime.
What are sanctions?
Measures taken by countries to restrict trade and official relations with a target country.
What was the Spanish Flu?
A deadly influenza pandemic that occurred in 1918, affecting millions worldwide.
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation.
Who was Archduke Ferdinand?
The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination triggered World War I.
What was the Wartime Elections Act?
A Canadian law that allowed women related to soldiers to vote in federal elections during World War I.
What are suffragists/suffragettes?
Individuals advocating for women’s right to vote.
What is prohibition?
A legal ban on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages.
Who was Nellie McClung?
A prominent Canadian suffragist and social activist.
What is the War/Battle of Attrition?
A military strategy aimed at wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse.
What is Total War?
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort.
What are dogfights?
Aerial battles between fighter aircraft during World War I.
What is the Victoria Cross?
The highest military honor awarded for valor in the face of the enemy in the British Armed Forces.
What was the Lusitania?
A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat, influencing public opinion against Germany.
What are enemy aliens?
Citizens of countries at war with a nation who may be subject to suspicion or internment.
What is censorship?
The suppression of speech, public communication, or other information deemed objectionable.
