Terms

Question 1

anatomic position

Answer 1

in this position, the body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, the arms are at the sides, and the palms of the hands are facing forward

Question 2

planes

Answer 2

imaginary flat plates

Question 3

section

Answer 3

a real or virtual cut made along a plane

Question 4

midsagittal plane

Answer 4

divides the body into equal right and left halves

Question 5

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 5

divides the body or body part into front (anterior) to back (posterior) sections

Question 6

transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 6

divides the body or body part into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections

Question 7

superior

Answer 7

above

Question 8

inferior

Answer 8

below

Question 9

anterior

Answer 9

toward the front

Question 10

posterior

Answer 10

toward the back

Question 11

medial

Answer 11

toward the midline

Question 12

lateral

Answer 12

away from the midline

Question 13

proximal

Answer 13

closer to the point of attachment

Question 14

distal

Answer 14

farther away from the point of attachment

Question 15

superficial

Answer 15

closer to or at the surface of the body

Question 16

deep

Answer 16

further into the body

Question 17

dorsal cavity contains which cavities?

Answer 17

cranial and spinal cavities

Question 18

ventral cavity contains which cavities?

Answer 18

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 19

cytology

Answer 19

the study of cells

Question 20

cell

Answer 20

the basic building unit of life; the building block of tissues and organs

Question 21

major parts of the cell

Answer 21

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles

Question 22

the nucleus contains ___

Answer 22

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 23

deoxyribonucleic acid is important for ___

Answer 23

being genetic material that codes for proteins

Question 24

proteins are ___

Answer 24

major components of body structures and are part of enzymes and hormones which regulate all chemical reactions within the body

Question 25

ribosomes synthesize ___

Answer 25

proteins

Question 26

rough endoplasmic reticulum has ___

Answer 26

ribosomes

Question 27

smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes ___

Answer 27

lipids and carbohydrates

Question 28

golgi apparatus packages ___

Answer 28

substances from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

mitochondria synthesize ___

Answer 29

adenosine triphosphate

Question 30

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 30

the body's energy molecule

Question 31

lysosomes digest ___

Answer 31

molecules such as pathogens and worn out cell parts

Question 32

centrioles organize ___

Answer 32

and move chromosomes during cell reproduction

Question 33

cilia are ___

Answer 33

extensions that move substances over the surface of the cell

Question 34

mitosis is necessary for ___

Answer 34

growth and repair

Question 35

mitosis is the ___

Answer 35

process of cell division

Question 36

in mitosis, DNA is ___

Answer 36

duplicated and distributed evenly to two identical daughter cells

Question 37

number of chromosomes in each daughter cell after mitosis

Answer 37

46 chromosomes

Question 38

meiosis

Answer 38

special cell division that occurs in the gonads

Question 39

number of chromosomes in sperm or the egg

Answer 39

23 chromosomes

Question 40

histology

Answer 40

the study of tissues

Question 41

tissue

Answer 41

group of cells which act together to perform specific functions

Question 42

the four types of tissues

Answer 42

epithelial, muscular, connective, nervous

Question 43

epithelial tissue ___ the body and internal organs

Answer 43

covers, lines, and protects

Question 44

glandular epithelium secretes ___

Answer 44

substances such as mucus, enzymes, and hormones

Question 45

the most abundant tissue in the body

Answer 45

connective tissue

Question 46

connective tissue provides ___

Answer 46

structure and support, forming the framework of the body

Question 47

types of connective tissue

Answer 47

fibrous (areolar, adipose, reticular, dense), bone, cartilage, blood

Question 48

nervous tissue is composed of ___

Answer 48

neurons and neuroglia

Question 49

neurons initiate and ___

Answer 49

conduct nerve impulses

Question 50

neuroglia is composed of ___

Answer 50

connective tissue

Question 51

muscle tissue has the ability to ___

Answer 51

contract or shorten; lengthen

Question 52

classification of muscle tissue

Answer 52

voluntary (skeletal muscle) and involuntary (smooth muscle and cardiac muscle)

Question 53

skin

Answer 53

the largest organ

Question 54

there are ___ layers of skin

Answer 54

two; epidermis and dermis

Question 55

epidermis is composed of ___

Answer 55

dead, keratinized epithelial cells

Question 56

dermis rests on ___

Answer 56

subcutaneous tissue (also known as hypodermis or superficial facscia)

Question 57

superficial fascia connects ___

Answer 57

skin to underlying muscles and bones

Question 58

the integumentary system consists of ___

Answer 58

skin, hair, nails, sensory receptors

Question 59

there are ___ layers of the epidermis

Answer 59

5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum (stratum basale)

Question 60

epidermal cells contain keratin, which ___

Answer 60

waterproofs the skin

Question 61

epidermal cells contain the pigment melanin, which ___

Answer 61

darkens the skin to protect the skin against radiation from the sun

Question 62

the dermis is composed of ___

Answer 62

fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, glands

Question 63

there are ___ types of sweat glands

Answer 63

two; eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

Question 64

eccrine sweat glands are ___

Answer 64

the most widely distributed and regulate body temperature by releasing watery secretion that evaporates

Question 65

apocrine sweat glands are found ___

Answer 65

mainly in the axilla and inguinal regions

Question 66

apocrine sweat is ___

Answer 66

thicker because it contains bits of cytoplasm

Question 67

apocrine sweat attracts ___

Answer 67

bacteria, and the presence of bacteria on skin results in body odor