TERMS Flashcards
1
Q
Color
A
Element of art
Produced when light reflects off of an object and hits the eye
2
Q
Line
A
Element of Art
Point moving across space
3
Q
Shape
A
Element of Art
Two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width
4
Q
Form
A
Element of Art
Three-Dimensional geometric figure
5
Q
Texture
A
Element of Art
Refers to how things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched
6
Q
Value
A
Element of Art
The lightness or darkness of a color
7
Q
Space
A
Element of Art
Refers to the emptiness or area between, around, above, below, or within objects
8
Q
Elements of Art
A
Color, Line, Shape, Form, Texture, Value, Space
9
Q
One Point Linear Perspective
A
A version of linear perspective in which there is only one vanishing point in the composition
10
Q
Two Point Linear Perspective
A
Two vanishing points in a composition in which you view objects from the corner
11
Q
Isometric Perspective
A
A system using diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth
In this technique, all objects appear at the same size regardless of distance
Popular in traditional Japanese Art
12
Q
Trimetric Perspective
A
The direction of viewing is such that all of the three axes of space appear unequally foreshortened
All three angles have different degrees of foreshortening relative to their length
All angles where the axes meet will be different in this type of drawing
13
Q
Balance
A
Principle of Design
A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions
There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial
Creates unity
14
Q
Contrast
A
Principle of Design
Refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs . dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.)
15
Q
Unity
A
Principle of Design
Related to the sense of wholeness that results from the successful combination of the component elements of an artwork
Created by balance and repetition
16
Q
Variety
A
Principle of Design
Concerned with diversity or contrast
Achieved by using different shapes, sizes, and/or colors in a work of art
17
Q
Rhythm
A
Principle of Design
Indicates movement
Created by the careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat
18
Q
Repetition
A
Principle of Design
Some graphic elements are repeated throughout the entire design
Creates unity
19
Q
Movement
A
Principle of Design
Used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art
20
Q
Pattern
A
Principle of Design
The geometric arrangement of objects in space
21
Q
Harmony
A
Principle of Design
Creates unity by stressing the similarities of separate but related parts
22
Q
Emphasis
A
Principle of Design
Arranging the design to highlight specific components
Establishes focus
23
Q
Principles of Design
A
Balance, Contrast, Unity, Emphasis, Repetition, Rhythm, Variety, Movement, Pattern, Harmony
24
Q
Hot pressed paper
A
Papers are hard and smooth
Best suited to detail work with pen or hard pencil They are not very absorbent
25
Cold Pressed Paper
The most common
Have moderate surface texture and absorbency and accept the widest range of media
Rough paper has a pronounced surface texture and is most commonly used with watercolor or ink washes
26
Graphite Pencils
They are a mix of graphite and clay mixed together. The more clay that is mixed with the graphite the lighter in value the pencil is (H Pencils)
B pencils have more graphite in them and less clay making them softer creating darker values.
27
Charcoal Sticks
A dry drawing medium made from charred twigs, usually vine or willow.
28
Compressed Charcoal
Charcoal ground to a powder and compressed into chalk-like sticks
Offers deeper, richer blacks than stick charcoal, but is harder to erase
29
Powdered Charcoal
Produced by rolled blotting paper in pencil form, very hard and suitable when a variety of tonal effects are desired.
30
Non-Waterproof Ink
Provides an effect similar to watercolor in that these absorb into the paper and dry to a matte finish
The color range is relatively small
31
Fixative
A light, liquid varnish sprayed over finished charcoal or pastel drawings to prevent smudging
32
Bamboo Brushes
Offers greatest range of flexibility as determined by brush size, pressure, amount of ink applied, dilution of ink and angle of brush to paper
33
Stippling
Dots spaced close or far apart to suggest darker or lighter areas
34
Cross hatching
The use of overlapping parallel lines to convey darkness or lightness
35
Foreshortening
The use of perspective to represent in art the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends back in space at an angle to the perpendicular plane of sight
36
Gesture Drawing
The drawing of lines quickly and loosely to show movement in a subject.
37
Contour Drawing
Shows the edges of figures or objects
Drawn slowly to capture every detail including folds, wrinkles, and details
38
Cross Contour
A line that moves across a shape or object to define the surface undulations between the outermost edges
39
Oil Paint
A paste made with ground pigment and a drying oil such as linseed oil, used chiefly by artists
40
Acrylic Paint
A water based paint that has a (polymer) plastic binder and dries to a permanent covering
41
Watercolors
Pigments suspended in a gum arabic, a water soluble glue binder
42
Underpainting
In oil painting, the process of painting the canvas in a base, often monochrome color as a first step in creating the areas of light and dark value
43
Scumbling
In oil painting, the technique of brushing one layer of paint on top of another in a way that reveals some of the under color
44
Dry Brushing
A painting technique in which, as the name suggests, a little bit of paint is put on a dry brush
When applied, it produces a broken, scratchy effect.
45
Impasto
Painting that applies the pigment thickly so that brush or palette knife marks are visible
46
Alla Prima
A style of painting where, instead of building colors up with layers, the painting is done in one session while the paint is still wet
47
Sgrafitto
A form of decoration made by scratching through a surface to reveal a lower layer of a contrasting color
Typically done in plaster or stucco on walls, or in slip on ceramics before firing.
48
Graded Wash
A wash that smoothly changes in value from dark to light.
49
Varnishing
A coating applied after printing to provide a clear protective surface
50
Glazing
In oil painting, adding a transparent layer of paint to achieve a richness in texture, volume, and form
51
Organic Pigments
Made using carbon chemistry
Transparent inks with varying lightfastness (cyan has excellent lightfastness)
52
Inorganic Pigments
Ground up minerals, brightly colored rocks, offer lightfastness (holds color when exposed to light, doesn't fade)
-chrome yellow, zinc yellow, iron oxides, iron blue, ultramarine blue, titanium dioxide (one of the most widely used—packaging)
53
Synthetic Pigments
Paints that are artificially made in science labs
54
Plates
Thin, flat sheets of metal commonly made from aluminum
They are used in printing products like business cards, catalogs, and brochures
55
Stone Lithography
Artist can naturally "paint" or "draw" with an oily substance onto a flat stone to create an image
Stone is moistened with water
Oil based ink in applied to the stone
Piece of paper is pressed to the stone
56
Woodblock Printing
A type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood and the block is then coated with ink and pressed on the page
57
Etching
An intaglio printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and worked with an etching needle to create an image.
58
Burins
Small, chisel-like tools with a pointed end; thought to have been used to engrave bone, antler, ivory, or wood.
59
Brayer
A small, hand-held rubber roller used to spread printing ink evenly on a surface before printing.
60
Silkscreen
A printing technique that passes ink or paint through a stenciled image to make multiple copies
61
Etching Ground
A resinous acid-resistant substance used to cover a copper plate before an image is etched on it.
62
Planography
A print process- lithography and silkscreen printing- where the inked image area and non-inked areas are at the same height
63
Relief Printing
Printmaking techniques in which the image is printed from the raised areas of the printmaking block.
64
Intaglio
Any printing process in which the ink sits below the surface of the plate
65
Monotype
One of a kind print made from painted or inked surface
66
Pulling Prints
When you lift the sheet of paper from the print plate or block, revealing the print you've created
67
Artist's Proof
One of a small group of prints set aside from the edition for the artist's use.
68
Edition
All the copies of a print made from a single printing
69
bon a tirer BAT
(French, good to pull) A press proof of a print that is approved by the artist and serves as the standard for the edition.
70
Trial Proof
Print made during the carving or development process to check the image
71
State Proof
A proof that shows an image in a particular finished state of development.
A variation of an image before its final state.
72
Hors Commerce Proof
Impressions annotated as H.C. are typically not for sale.
Publishers may sometimes use such proofs as exhibition copies, thereby preserving the numbered impressions in the edition from exposure and rough handling
73
Cancellation Print
After completing the edition, the artist may deliberately deface the plate, block, or screen and pull a print to show the edition is limited
74
Variable Edition
Print being unique or containing unique elements that cannot be exactly reproduced in another pulling
75
Mezzotint
Picture engraved on copper or steel by polishing or scraping away parts of a roughened surface
76
Additive Sculpture
A kind of sculpture technique in which materials (for example, clay) are built up or "added" to create form.
77
Subtractive Sculpture
A kind of sculpture technique in which materials are taken away from the original mass; carving.
78
Relief Sculpture
A sculpture that comes forward from a flat surface, as opposed to being freestanding.
79
Installation
An artwork created by the assembling and arrangement of objects in a specific location
80
Earthworks
Artworks created by altering a large area of land using natural and organic materials.
Earthworks are usually large-scale projects that take formal advantage of the local topography.
81
CAD
Computer Aided Design.
The use of computers in converting the initial idea for a product into a detailed engineering design.
82
Sanding
The step in which the sculptor smooths out rough edges before mounting and finishing the piece.
83
Plaster Molds
A plaster shape designed to pour slip into and let dry, the shape comes out as an exact replica
84
Assemblage
A three-dimensional composition in which a collection of objects is unified in a sculptural work.
85
Armature
A framework or skeleton used to support a sculpture
86
Single Lens Reflex Camera
A camera with a movable mirror and detachable lenses that allows you to see exactly what you will be photographing
87
Digital Camera
A camera that encodes an image digitally and store it for later reproduction
88
Camera Lens
A piece of curved glass that focuses light rays in order to form an image on film
89
Wide Angle Lenses
Exaggerate relative size and linear perspective; de-emphasize overlapping planes and aerial perspective
90
Aperture
Controls the amount of light that will reach the camera's image sensor
F-Stop
91
Shutter Speed
The amount of time the shutter inside the camera is open to expose your photo
92
Image Sensor
An electronic component in a digital camera that measures and records light as it passes through the lens and shutter of the camera
93
DSLR
Digital single-lens reflex camera.
These feature a movable mirror that lets the photographer see directly through the camera's lens when looking through a viewfinder
94
Mirrorless Camera
Have a system with an interchangeable lens that does not feature a mirror reflex optical viewfinder such as in the DSLR
Designed with the advantage of smaller size and lighter weight
95
Film Camera
Uses film to take the picture by capturing light on the film
96
Camera Obscura
A darkened enclosure in which images of outside objects are projected through a small aperture or lens onto a facing surface
97
Backlighting
Illumination cast onto the figures in the scene from the side opposite the camera, usually creating a thin outline of highlighting on those figures
98
JPEG
Most common graphic file format, full color graphic format (16.7 million colors) with a relatively small file size
99
PNG
Supports advanced transparency with a relatively average file size, can be interlaced, optimizing for internet use
100
GIF
Stands for graphics interchange format.
Includes data compression, but because it is limited to 256 colors
More effective for scanned images such as illustrations rather than color photos
101
PDF
File format which preserves all document formatting
102
SVG
An XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and animation
103
MP4
Mpeg 4;
A compressed file format that can be used for audio or video; appropriate for streaming
104
Spotting
The process of determining where music and effects will be added to a film
105
Dodging and Burning
Refer to techniques that lighten or darken photographs, respectively.
Traditionally achieved by decreasing/ increasing exposure to prints in the darkroom, these techniques now mostly are accomplished digitally
106
Flash
A device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light
107
Bleed
An image that extends to and/or beyond the edge of the page
108
Watermark
A pale or semitransparent graphics object positioned behind text in a document.
109
Greenware
Unfired pottery
110
Bisqueware
Clay that has been fired once
111
Glazeware
Clay that has been fired twice
112
Earthenware
A low-fire clay
Porous and not waterproof
To be functional, It must be glazed
113
Stoneware
A high-fire clay
Stoneware is waterproof even without glaze
The resulting ware is sturdier than earthenware
114
Kaolin
A fine, pure-white clay
Main ingredient in porcelain
115
Colored Slips
Wet clay used to decorate
116
Underglaze
Colored decoration applied to bisqued clay, then coated with a clear glaze.
Typically made of clay slip and raw pigment
117
Glaze
A mixture of powdered materials that often includes a pre-melted glass made into a slip and applied to a ceramic body
118
Raku
A low-firing process that is done in a pit and was introduced by the Japanese
119
Backstrap Loom
A simple Andean loom featuring a belt or backstrap encircling the waist of the seated weaver
120
Inkle Loom
Used to weave narrow strips of fabric such as straps and belts.
They are portable and while they are a great beginner's loom, experienced weavers also use them to create complex patterns.
121
Rigid Heddle Loom
Enables the weaver to easily lift and lower the warp. Spreads the warp to a fixed width and consistently spaces the yarn
122
Floor Looms
Large looms that sit directly on the floor and use foot pedals called treadles that open and close the sheds (the temporary separations in the warp) by raising and lowering the harness
123
Table Looms
Smaller and portable
Weaver lifts the shafts by hand by lifting your arm
124
Tapestry Looms
Vertical looms on which art is woven.
These are commonly used to weave wall hangings
125
Wedging
Kneading clay in order to remove air bubbles and prepare it to be used
126
Pinch Pot
The most simple, basic process and type of hand built pottery
Made in the palm of the hand and are generally small
127
Wheel Thrown
A piece of clay is
placed on a potter's wheel head which spins
128
Inlay
Substance embedded in another, contrasting material
129
Oxidation
A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
130
Porcelain
A ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures
131
Embroidery
A woven product in which the design is stitched into a premade fabric
132
Repousse
Formed in relief by beating a metal plate from the back, leaving the impression on the face
133
Applique
A technique in which shaped pieces of fabric are attached to a background fabric to form a design or picture
134
Batik
A fabric-dyeing method which uses wax to coat areas that don't need to be dyed
135
Sand Casting
A process of pressing moist sand around a pattern to make a mold.
The pattern is removed, leaving a cavity in the sand. The cavity is the mold that will be filled with liquid metal.
The result will be a casting that is identical in shape to the original pattern
136
Enameling
The process of firing special powder or enamel pigments on copper or silver in a kiln
137
Lost Wax Casting
Process by which a duplicate metal sculpture is cast from an original sculpture
138
Felting
A method for converting yarn into fabric by matting the fibers together
139
Knitting
Looping yarns together to make fabric
140
Quilting
The process of adding a layer of padding between two layers of fabrics held together with stitches
141
Collaring
Squeezing the upper part of a thrown form as it rotates on the wheel, in order to decrease the size of its diameter
142
Assyrian Art
Artists praised greatness of the king, ability to kill enemies, hunting prowess, etc.
Cuneiform, relief sculpture
143
Olmec Art
Huge sculptures of heads and their finely crafted stone carvings
144
Pre-Columbian Art
Art that is from cultures like the Incas, Aztecs, and Maya's who existed in Central and South America before the arrival of the Europeans
145
Romanticism
19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
146
Arts and Crafts Movement
Opposed modern mass production and embraced natural forms, William Morris was a major force
147
Medieval Art
Subjects are religious and figures look flat and stiff with little emotion
148
Renaissance
"Rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
149
Hudson River School
Founded by Thomas Cole
First native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; Attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition
Painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River
150
Totem Poles
Tall posts carved and painted with a series of animal symbols associated with a particular family or clan
151
Sand Painting
As "Mandalas",
Ordered, color-coded worlds into which gods summoned
Ends with destruction of painting, Parallels in Hindu, Buddhist mandalas
152
Kachina Dolls
Dolls made by the people of the southwest desert to resemble spirits
153
Taj Mahal
A tomb built by shah jahan for his wife
154
Palace of Versailles
A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles
155
Neoclassical Style
An eighteenth-century revival of Classical Greek and Roman art, characterized by simplicity and straight lines
156
Islamic Art
Used brilliant colors, complex forms, and geometric and floral designs
Usually religious in nature
Descends from areas of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and Central Asia
157
Tang Dynasty Art
Ceramics brushwork for landscape paintings
Sculpted Buddhas increase in the very appreciation of art as a worthy human endeavor
158
Aboriginal Art
Dot paintings, paint-from plants, create art to preserve and celebrate memory of dreamtime
X-ray style depicts the bone and muscular structure of animals
159
Aztec Art
Art for religious expression to pay tribute to their gods, performed sacrifices for their gods, used pictographs to represent art
160
Mayan Art
Created enormous temples in step pyramid form huge limestone temples were richly carved with relief sculpture and hieroglyphics
161
Incan Art
Made sacrificed to the earth and believed in life after death
Western side of south Americans on mountains
Clothing represented social standing
Developed road system
162
Gothic Art
The use of elongated human figures
Paintings were flat and used gold paint in the background.
All paintings were of religious people.
163
Futurism
An early-20th-century Italian art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and dynamism of modern technology
164
Social Realism
Emphasizes influence of social and economic conditions of an era on characters, events, and social institutions
165
Pop Art
An American school of the 1950s that imitated the techniques of commercial art (as the soup cans of Andy Warhol) and the styles of popular culture and the mass media
166
Han Dynasty Art
Represent everyday life and the stories from history and mythology
Calligraphy, painting, lacquerware production, and jade carving
Good economy and technological advances led to higher production and demand for art
167
Qin Dynasty Art
Represent everyday life and the stories from history and mythology
Calligraphy, painting, lacquerware production, and jade carving
Good economy and technological advances led to higher production and demand for art
168
Sumerian Art
Figures, cut from stone, eyes wide open, men are bare-chested and wear kilts, women have left shoulder covered
169
Cubism Influences
1) African masks
2) Response to realism
170
Cubism
A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes
171
Abstract Expressionism
An artistic movement that focused on expressing emotion and feelings through abstract images and colors, lines and shapes
172
Impressionism
An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing
173
Surrealism
An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images
174
Precisionism
Developed in America in the 1920's out of a fascination with the machine's precision and importance in modern life.
Charles Sheeler, Charles Demuth, Georgia O'Keefe
175
Yoruba Art
Made to honor deities
176
Benin Ivory Mask
Miniature sculptural portrait in ivory of Idia, the first Iyoba (Queen Mother) of the 16th century Benin Empire, taking the form of a traditional African mask.
177
Ziggurat
A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians
178
Kente Cloth
The Asante people of Ghana developed an intricately designed cloth
Today its designs represents the philosophy, moral values, and code of conduct of Ghanaian culture
179
Persian Carpets
A carpet or rug woven in Iran in a traditional design incorporating stylized symbolic imagery
180
Mihrab
A niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray
181
Minarets
Tower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier calls Muslims to prayer
182
Muquarnas
A small niche-like component based on the squinch and used in Islamic architecture to achieve and transition between flat and rounded surfaces
183
Maori Art
New Zealand
Woodcarving
Tattoos
Meetinghouses were embodiment of an ancestor, entering the deceased's body
184
Chinese Landscape Painting
Paintings which focused on mountains and water and were influenced by Daoism
185
New Guinean Ancestor Poles
15-foot-high wooden poles come from the Asmat people
Carved from mangrove trees, bis poles (pronounced "bis") were used in ritual feasts and to honor the dead
The elements on the poles recall many aspects of Asmat religion and mythology.
186
Stupa
Buddhist shrine that is shaped like a dome or mound
187
Paracas
Indian tribe of southern Peru known for making beautifully woven materials and embroidery
188
Olmec Architecture
The architecture of the Mesoamerican civilization which flourished c1200-500 B.C. in the tropical lowlands of the Mexican Gulf Coast, characterized by temple pyramids and large ceremonial centers.
189
Moche Stirrup Vessels
Naturalistic portraiture
Ritual use
190
Aztec Codex
Books written by pre-Columbian and colonial-era Nahuas in pictorial and/or alphabetic form
Divination, ceremonies, ritual calendar
191
Celtic Knot
Elaborate interwoven knots that were used to represent the interconnectedness of life
192
Illuminated Manuscripts
Books from the Middle Ages that featured decorative, colorful designs and illustrations on each page
193
Byzantine Ivories
Consular diptychs, pyxides, icons (either as single panels or configured into diptychs or triptychs), and finally caskets made for either secular or religious purposes
194
Baroque
An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
195
Baroque Architecture
A European style of architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries.
It was based upon the transformation of classical forms with an inventive use of space and decoration.
Characterized by ornate detail, exuberant curvaceous decoration and grand sweeping gestures with spatially complex compositions
196
Gothic Architecture
Characterized by pointed arches, high ceilings, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows
197
Greek Sculpture
This moved away from the balance and ideal forms of the classical age to more natural works portraying more realistic subjects
198
Avant Garde
Ahead of the times, especially in the arts
199
Pueblo Pottery
Each community had their own shapes/designs. In the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico Pueblo potters used black outlines and geometric shapes to create bold designs over a cream-colored base.
200
American Neoclassicism
Reinforce American cultural connection to Enlightenment ideas & values in the context of North America.
201
Art Deco
Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted.
Characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.
202
Works Progress Administration Federal Arts Project
A New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States
Relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photography, theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts
203
Pictoral Rug
Navajo
Variety of themes including religious ceremonial art, scenes of daily Navajo life, bird pictorials
204
Mudras
Choreographed hand movements used in the rituals of vajrayana buddhism
205
How Contemporary Artists Reflect and Influence Culture
Raise awareness of issues
Confront social problems
Affect social change
206
20th Century Art Ideas
Identity, community, authority, feminism, equality, injustice, climate change
207
Age of Enlightenment
The time period in the 1700s during which many Europeans began to break away from tradition and rethink political and social norms
208
Aesthetics
A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art
209
Imitationalism
An aesthetic art theory that emphasizes the literal qualities of a work
210
Formalism
The study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the way objects are made and their purely visual aspects.
211
Expressionism
A style of painting, music, or drama in which the artist or writer seeks to express emotional experience rather than impressions of the external world.
212
Essentialism
A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, and that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery and expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence.
213
Instrumentalism
A theory of identity politics that argues rational and self-interested elites manipulate symbols and feelings of identity to mobilize a political following
214
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
215
Postcolonialism
An intellectual, political, and cultural movement that calls for the independence of colonialized states and also liberation from colonialist ways of thinking.
216
Aesthetic Experience
Your personal interaction with a work of art
217
Emotionalism
Requires that a work of art must arouse a response of feelings, moods, or emotions in the viewer
218
Dada
Artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers
219
Op Art
A style of art that exploits the physiology of seeing in order to create illusory optical effects
220
Bauhaus
A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading modern architects, designers, and theatrical innovators.
221
Conceptual Art
Art in which the idea presented by the artist is considered more important than the finished product, if there is one.
222
Process of Art Criticism
1. Description
2. Analysis
3. Interpretation
4. Judgement/Evaluation
223
Stylized
Art that represents objects in an exaggerated way to emphasize certain aspects of the object
224
Nonrepresentational
Art without reference to anything outside itself -- without representation. Also called nonobjective -- without recognizable objects.
225
Goal of Art Criticism
Find meaning in a work of art
226
Math and Art
Linear perspective
227
Science and Art
Impressionist study of optics
Photography to study motion
228
Naturalism
A style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail
229
Minimalism
An art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color
230
Forced Perspective
A system of constructing and arranging buildings and objects on the set so that they diminish in size dramatically from foreground to background, which creates the illusion of depth.
231
Rhetoric
The art of using language effectively and persuasively
232
Satire
A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.
