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Biology Final > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bio-

A

Life, or living

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2
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community of living organisms

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3
Q

Biotic

A

Living organism

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living organism

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5
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process of keeping an organism stable

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6
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process of keeping an organism stable

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7
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs that work together to perform a specific w

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8
Q

Cell

A

Basic building block of life

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

In eukaryotic, contains genetic material

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Provides energy for the cell “powerhouse”

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11
Q

Chloroplast

A

Plastid that conducts photosynthesis

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12
Q

Biotechnology

A

Biology implemented in human health, animal health, agriculture, etc.

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13
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter

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14
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that cannot be broken down

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15
Q

Compound

A

Substance when two or more elements combine

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16
Q

Enzyme

A

A catalyst to a organism, causing a biochemical reaction

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17
Q

ATP

A

a molecule considered the primary energy currency of a cell (3phosphates, 1 sugar, 1 adenosine)

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18
Q

Cell membrane

A

Provides protection and controls nutrients going in, and waste out

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19
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process of plants turning sunlight into food, via chloroplast

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20
Q

Food Chain

A

Linear representation of how nutrients travels

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21
Q

Cell cycle

A

Series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides

22
Q

DNA

A

Main carrier of genetic information

23
Q

Chromosome

A

Thread-like structures in the nucleus of a cell that contain DNA and proteins, and carry genetic information from cell to cell

24
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

Process by which cells create proteins, which are made of amino acids

25
Q

Transcription

A

Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA

26
Q

Translation

A

Process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates, sequence of amino acids

27
Q

Mutation

A

Change in an organism’s DNA sequence

28
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

Pairs of chromosomes that are inherited from each parent and contain the same genes in the same order, but with slight variations

29
Q

Autosome

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

30
Q

Mitosis

A

Process of cell duplication

31
Q

Meiosis

A

Type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

32
Q

Genetic variation

A

Difference of DNA sequences between individuals

33
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, two different versions of the same gene

34
Q

Gene

A

Basic unit of heredity

35
Q

Gene

A

Basic unit of heredity

36
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism, or the unique sequence of DNA that an individual inherits from their parents

37
Q

Phenotype

A

term in genetics that refers to the observable characteristics of an organism

38
Q

Dominant gene

A

Variant of a gene that expresses itself more prominently

39
Q

Recessive

A

Gene that is unlikely to be expressed

40
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Rare occupancy where both alleles express themselves

41
Q

Punnet square

A

a diagram that predicts the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

42
Q

Mendel

A

Father of genetics

43
Q

Hybrid cross

A

mating experiment that combines the genetic material of two organisms that differ in two or more traits

44
Q

Sex-linked chromosomes

A

genes that are located on the sex chromosomes

45
Q

Nucleotide

A

organic molecule that serves as a building block for DNA and RNA

46
Q

Mutagen

A

physical or chemical agent that causes mutations in an organism’s DNA

47
Q

Allele

A

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation

48
Q

Independent assortment

A

describes how genes separate independently during the development of reproductive cells

49
Q

Fertilization

A

When a sperm cell enters an egg cell

50
Q

Trait

A

Specific characteristic of an individual

Biology Final (1 decks)

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