terms Flashcards
1
Q
authoring/markup
A
- preparing content for delivery on the web
- specifically, marking up the content with HTML tags that describe its content and function
- web developers need to have intricate knowledge of HTML and its functions on various browsers and devices
2
Q
development - what are 3 broad disciplines that comprise this?
A
- authoring
- styling
- scripting/programming
3
Q
styling
A
- appearance of the page in browser in controlled by style rules written in CSS
- appearance of the page is handled separately from the HTML markup of the page
4
Q
scripting and programming
A
- javascript is the language that makes elements on web pages do things.
- adds behaviors and functionality to elements in the page and even to browser window itself.
5
Q
frontend design
A
- refers to any aspect of design process that appears in or relates directly to the browser
- graphic design and image production
- interface design
- information design as it pertains to the user’s experience of the site
- HTML document and style sheet development
- javascript
6
Q
backend development
A
- refers to programs and scripts that work on the server behind the scenes to make web pages dynamic and interactive
- generally falls in the hands on experienced programmers
- information design as it pertains to how the information is organized on the server
- forms processing
- database programming
- content management systems
- server side web applications using PHP, JSP, Ruby, ASP.NET, java, other programming languages
7
Q
4 categories of web design
A
- design
- development
- content strategy
- multimedia
8
Q
design
A
- identify the site’s goals, how it will be used, and how visitors move through it
- these tasks fall under realm of interaction design (IxD) - goal is to make site easy and efficient as possible
- user interface design (UI) - narrowly focused on functional organization of the page, and specific tools (buttons, links, menus, etc) that users use to navigate content or accomplish tasks
- user experience design (UX) - holistic view, ensuring entire experience with site is favorable. based on understanding of users and their needs based on observations and interviews.
9
Q
content strategy and creation
A
- content strategist - makes sure that every bit of text on the site, from long explanatory text, to labels on buttons, supports brand identity and marketing goals of company.
- information architect - organizes content logically and for ease of findability. may be responsible for search functionality, site diagrams, and how content and data organized on server.
10
Q
multimedia
A
- sound, video, animation, interactive games added to a website.
- audio video editing, flash development
11
Q
A
12
Q
web related technologies
A
- HTML
- cascading style sheets (CSS)
- javascript and DOM scripting
- server side programming and database management
13
Q
W3C
A
- World Wide Web Consortium
- organization that oversees the development of web technologies.
- for definitive answer on any web technology question, refer to www.w3.org
- also, www.w3.org/consortium
14
Q
HTML
A
- language used to create web page documents.
- not a programming language, is a markup language, which means that it is a system for identifying and describing the various components of a document such as headings, paragraphs, and lists.
- markup indicates the document’s underlying structure
15
Q
CSS
A
- while HTML is used to describe the content on a web page, CSS describe how that content should LOOK.
- presentation is the way the page looks
- CSS controls fonts, colors, background images, line spacing, page layout, etc.
- great tool for automating production, because you can change the way an element looks across all pages on site by editing a single style sheet document.
- can publish web pages with HTML alone, but style sheets allow you not to get stuck with browser’s default styles.
- for professional web design, style sheets are mandatory.
16
Q
javascript
A
- javascript is a scripting language used to add interactivity and behaviors to web pages, such as
- checking form entries for valid entries
- swapping out styles for an element or an entire site
- making browser remember information about user for next time she visits
- building interface widgets, such as expanding menus
- professional web developers are required to know javascript
17
Q
DOM scripting
A
- document object model
- refers to standardized list of web page elements that can be accessed and manipulated using javascript
- is an updated term for what used to be called DHTML, now considered obsolete.
18
Q
server side programming
A
- simple websites are static HTML documents and image files, but most sites have advanced functions such as
- forms handling
- dynamically generated pages
- shopping carts
- content mangement systems
- databases
- these functions are handled by web applications running on the server
*
19
Q
programming languages used to create web applications
A
- PHP
- python
- Ruby
- javascript
- java
- ASP.NET
- developing web applications is programmer territory
20
Q
XML
A
- extensible markup language
- not a specific language but a set of rules for creating other markup languages
- if publishing recipes, might create custom markup language that includes elements <ingredient> <instructions> and <servings></servings></instructions></ingredient>
21
Q
intranet/extranet
A
- company’s internal websites which protected from outsiders by firewalls
- extranet - allows access to select users outside of the company.
22
Q
URL
what are 3 components of URL?
A
- protocol, which is http://
- name of site = www.example.com
- absolute path = /2011/samples/first.html
- host name = www
- domain name = example.com
- directory path = /2011/samples/
- document = first.html
- when a server receives a request for a directory name rather than a specific file, it looks in that directory for a default document, typically called index.html.
- so when someone types www.oreilly.com, they will actually see www.oreilly.com/index.html
23
Q
DNS
DNS server
A
- domain name system - allows us to refer to that server by its domain name, instead of IP address
- DNS server matches text domain names to their respective numeric IP addresses
24
Q
client side
vs.
server side
A
- client side = applications that run on the user’s machine
- server side = applications and functions using the processing power of the server computer
25
client
* software that does the requesting
* example = desktop browsers, mobile browsers
* the server returns the documents for the browser to display
* requests and responses handled via HTTP protocol
26
versions HTML
* HTML 4.01 = most firmly established
* XHTML 1.0 = stricter cousin
* HTML 5 = better handle web applications, gradually gaining browser support.
27
responsive web design
* strategy for providing custom layouts to devices based on size of the viewport (browser window)
* serving single HTML document to all devices, but applying different style sheets based on screen size in order to provide the most optimized layout for that device.
* alternative to a single responsive site is to build an entirely separate site, with a unique URL, that gets served when requested by a mobile device.
* mobile URLs are commonly prefixed with m or mobile.
28
accessibility
* designing with as few barriers as possible to getting information, regardless of user's ability and device used to access the web.
* 4 broad categories
* vision impairment
* mobility impairment
* auditory impairment
* cognitive impairment
29
optimization
* optimizing images, so smallest file size possible
* minimizing javascript
* don't load unnecessary assets
* reduce number of times browser makes requests of server (known as HTTP requests)
* every trip to server in form of HTTP request takes a few milliseconds, and these can really add up
* twitter widgets, facebook like buttons, and advertisements adds up
*
30
block element
vs
inline element
* browsers treat block elements as rectangular boxes, stacked upon the page. each block element begins on a new line, and some space is usually added above and below the entire element by default.
* inline elements do not start new lines
31
user agent style sheet
* all browsers have their own built in style sheets that descrobe the default rendering of elements.
32
element
empty element
* an element consists of both the content and its markup
* some elements are empty, because they are used to provide a simple directive.
* like img, tells browser to get an image file from server and insert it at that spot
33
attribute
* instructions that clarify or modify an element.
* for img element, src (source) attribute is required, and specifies location of the image file.
* attributes separated by spaces, order not important
* XHTML requires quotation marks for some values.
* attribute names available for each element are defined in HTML specifications, cannot make up attributes for an element.
34
validate
* to validate a document is to check your markup to make sure you have abided by all the rules on whatever version of HTML you are using.
* error free documents are said to be valid.
* strongly recommended that you validate your documents, especially for professional sites.
* validation sites
* w3.org
* for HTML5 use
* html5.validator.nu
35
baseline experience
* minimum functionality of a webpage, after which more features can be added
