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web design > terms > Flashcards

terms Flashcards

1
Q

authoring/markup

A
  • preparing content for delivery on the web
  • specifically, marking up the content with HTML tags that describe its content and function
  • web developers need to have intricate knowledge of HTML and its functions on various browsers and devices
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2
Q

development - what are 3 broad disciplines that comprise this?

A
  • authoring
  • styling
  • scripting/programming
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3
Q

styling

A
  • appearance of the page in browser in controlled by style rules written in CSS
  • appearance of the page is handled separately from the HTML markup of the page
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4
Q

scripting and programming

A
  • javascript is the language that makes elements on web pages do things.
  • adds behaviors and functionality to elements in the page and even to browser window itself.
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5
Q

frontend design

A
  • refers to any aspect of design process that appears in or relates directly to the browser
  • graphic design and image production
  • interface design
  • information design as it pertains to the user’s experience of the site
  • HTML document and style sheet development
  • javascript
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6
Q

backend development

A
  • refers to programs and scripts that work on the server behind the scenes to make web pages dynamic and interactive
  • generally falls in the hands on experienced programmers
  • information design as it pertains to how the information is organized on the server
  • forms processing
  • database programming
  • content management systems
  • server side web applications using PHP, JSP, Ruby, ASP.NET, java, other programming languages
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7
Q

4 categories of web design

A
  • design
  • development
  • content strategy
  • multimedia
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8
Q

design

A
  • identify the site’s goals, how it will be used, and how visitors move through it
  • these tasks fall under realm of interaction design (IxD) - goal is to make site easy and efficient as possible
  • user interface design (UI) - narrowly focused on functional organization of the page, and specific tools (buttons, links, menus, etc) that users use to navigate content or accomplish tasks
  • user experience design (UX) - holistic view, ensuring entire experience with site is favorable. based on understanding of users and their needs based on observations and interviews.
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9
Q

content strategy and creation

A
  • content strategist - makes sure that every bit of text on the site, from long explanatory text, to labels on buttons, supports brand identity and marketing goals of company.
  • information architect - organizes content logically and for ease of findability. may be responsible for search functionality, site diagrams, and how content and data organized on server.
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10
Q

multimedia

A
  • sound, video, animation, interactive games added to a website.
  • audio video editing, flash development
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

web related technologies

A
  • HTML
  • cascading style sheets (CSS)
  • javascript and DOM scripting
  • server side programming and database management
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13
Q

W3C

A
  • World Wide Web Consortium
  • organization that oversees the development of web technologies.
  • for definitive answer on any web technology question, refer to www.w3.org
  • also, www.w3.org/consortium
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14
Q

HTML

A
  • language used to create web page documents.
  • not a programming language, is a markup language, which means that it is a system for identifying and describing the various components of a document such as headings, paragraphs, and lists.
  • markup indicates the document’s underlying structure
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15
Q

CSS

A
  • while HTML is used to describe the content on a web page, CSS describe how that content should LOOK.
  • presentation is the way the page looks
  • CSS controls fonts, colors, background images, line spacing, page layout, etc.
  • great tool for automating production, because you can change the way an element looks across all pages on site by editing a single style sheet document.
  • can publish web pages with HTML alone, but style sheets allow you not to get stuck with browser’s default styles.
  • for professional web design, style sheets are mandatory.
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16
Q

javascript

A
  • javascript is a scripting language used to add interactivity and behaviors to web pages, such as
  • checking form entries for valid entries
  • swapping out styles for an element or an entire site
  • making browser remember information about user for next time she visits
  • building interface widgets, such as expanding menus
  • professional web developers are required to know javascript
17
Q

DOM scripting

A
  • document object model
  • refers to standardized list of web page elements that can be accessed and manipulated using javascript
  • is an updated term for what used to be called DHTML, now considered obsolete.
18
Q

server side programming

A
  • simple websites are static HTML documents and image files, but most sites have advanced functions such as
  • forms handling
  • dynamically generated pages
  • shopping carts
  • content mangement systems
  • databases
  • these functions are handled by web applications running on the server
    *
19
Q

programming languages used to create web applications

A
  • PHP
  • python
  • Ruby
  • javascript
  • java
  • ASP.NET
  • developing web applications is programmer territory
20
Q

XML

A
  • extensible markup language
  • not a specific language but a set of rules for creating other markup languages
  • if publishing recipes, might create custom markup language that includes elements <ingredient> <instructions> and <servings></servings></instructions></ingredient>
21
Q

intranet/extranet

A
  • company’s internal websites which protected from outsiders by firewalls
  • extranet - allows access to select users outside of the company.
22
Q

URL

what are 3 components of URL?

A
  • protocol, which is http://
  • name of site = www.example.com
  • absolute path = /2011/samples/first.html
  • host name = www
  • domain name = example.com
  • directory path = /2011/samples/
  • document = first.html
  • when a server receives a request for a directory name rather than a specific file, it looks in that directory for a default document, typically called index.html.
  • so when someone types www.oreilly.com, they will actually see www.oreilly.com/index.html
23
Q

DNS

DNS server

A
  • domain name system - allows us to refer to that server by its domain name, instead of IP address
  • DNS server matches text domain names to their respective numeric IP addresses
24
Q

client side

vs.

server side

A
  • client side = applications that run on the user’s machine
  • server side = applications and functions using the processing power of the server computer
25
Q

client

A
  • software that does the requesting
  • example = desktop browsers, mobile browsers
  • the server returns the documents for the browser to display
  • requests and responses handled via HTTP protocol
26
Q

versions HTML

A
  • HTML 4.01 = most firmly established
  • XHTML 1.0 = stricter cousin
  • HTML 5 = better handle web applications, gradually gaining browser support.
27
Q

responsive web design

A
  • strategy for providing custom layouts to devices based on size of the viewport (browser window)
  • serving single HTML document to all devices, but applying different style sheets based on screen size in order to provide the most optimized layout for that device.
  • alternative to a single responsive site is to build an entirely separate site, with a unique URL, that gets served when requested by a mobile device.
  • mobile URLs are commonly prefixed with m or mobile.
28
Q

accessibility

A
  • designing with as few barriers as possible to getting information, regardless of user’s ability and device used to access the web.
  • 4 broad categories
  • vision impairment
  • mobility impairment
  • auditory impairment
  • cognitive impairment
29
Q

optimization

A
  • optimizing images, so smallest file size possible
  • minimizing javascript
  • don’t load unnecessary assets
  • reduce number of times browser makes requests of server (known as HTTP requests)
  • every trip to server in form of HTTP request takes a few milliseconds, and these can really add up
  • twitter widgets, facebook like buttons, and advertisements adds up
    *
30
Q

block element

vs

inline element

A
  • browsers treat block elements as rectangular boxes, stacked upon the page. each block element begins on a new line, and some space is usually added above and below the entire element by default.
  • inline elements do not start new lines
31
Q

user agent style sheet

A
  • all browsers have their own built in style sheets that descrobe the default rendering of elements.
32
Q

element

empty element

A
  • an element consists of both the content and its markup
  • some elements are empty, because they are used to provide a simple directive.
  • like img, tells browser to get an image file from server and insert it at that spot
33
Q

attribute

A
  • instructions that clarify or modify an element.
  • for img element, src (source) attribute is required, and specifies location of the image file.
  • attributes separated by spaces, order not important
  • XHTML requires quotation marks for some values.
  • attribute names available for each element are defined in HTML specifications, cannot make up attributes for an element.
34
Q

validate

A
  • to validate a document is to check your markup to make sure you have abided by all the rules on whatever version of HTML you are using.
  • error free documents are said to be valid.
  • strongly recommended that you validate your documents, especially for professional sites.
  • validation sites
  • w3.org
  • for HTML5 use
  • html5.validator.nu
35
Q

baseline experience

A
  • minimum functionality of a webpage, after which more features can be added

web design (2 decks)

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