Terms Flashcards
DVT
-Deep Vein Thrombosis
Test for swelling, tenderness, change in color
-tests- Duplex ultrasound. This noninvasive test uses sound waves to create pictures of how blood flows through the veins. It’s the standard test for diagnosing DVT.
Symptoms related to PE include
Tachypnea
Chest pain
Tachycardia
Virchow’s Triad
-Hypercoagulable
Acute phase postop
Cancer
Thrombopilla
Estrogen therapy
Pregnancy and Postpartum Period
Inflammatory bowel disease
Endorhelial Injury
Surgery
Trauma
Indwelling catheter
Atherosclerosis
Heart valve disease or replacement
Venous stasis
Immobility or paralysis
Heart failure
Venus insufficiency or varicose veins
Venous obstruction from tumor, obesity or pregnancy
Bed should be tilted in reversed trendelenburg
-allows veins to fill with blood, making them easier to visualize
-legs dangled off edge of bed to visualize calf veins
-may require increased transducer pressure to compress
-patient should lie flat on his or her back with knee slightly externally rotated
Transducers
Midrange- (5-10 MHz) linear array
-use for femoral and popliteal veins, most of the calf
Transducers
High frequency (10-18 MHz) linear array with small footprint
Use for superficial veins in arm veins
Transducers
Low frequency (2-5 MHz) curved linear
Use for inferior vena cava (IVC) ;also helpful in heavier patients with deeper vessels
Great saphenous vein
-Enters superficial femoral vein (SFV) at this level (saphenofemoral junction)
-longest vein in the body
-Travels close to the skin in the saphenous compartment
-Courses mediately and superficially to the CFV
-becomes more anterior blow the knee
Common femoral vein CFV
Identified from a medial projection in a transverse plane.
Lies next to common femoral artery (CFA) just below inguinal ligament
Sound waves
-Produced by piezoelectric elements in a transducer
- are pressure waves
-a soundwave propagates into a medium, and gets reflected back when it encounters a tissue with different acoustic impedance
-the Ultrasound system knows how long it takes for the reflection to come back and can determine how far away the reflector is
Parameters of sound
-sound is sent into the body and groups of cycles called pulses
•Pulse wave ultrasound
- April is sent into the body
-the ultrasound system wait for the pulse to return
-the deeper the structure, the longer takes the pulse to return
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Is the number of pulses per second
Pulse echo ultrasound
The deeper the reflector the longer the round-trip time of the pulse
Flow direction
Antegrade
Retrograde
Absent
Flow pattern
-Phasicity, respirophasic
-decreased, diminished
-pulsatile
-Continuous
Regurgitant (reversed flow)
Spontaneity
Spontaneous
Nonspontaneous
Normal Venus flow
- spontaneity
2.phasicity - Compression
- Augmentation
- Valsalva
