Terms Flashcards
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Spasticity?
motor disorder with velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with exaggerated tendon jerks.
secondary impairments
Impairment caused due to the inactivity of muscles, immobilisation of limbs, absence of weight bearing and general inactivity.
Hypertonicity
increased resistance against passive movement. Includes both hyperreflexia and a secondary impairment.
flaccidity
absence to stretch reflex/ tendon reflex. A type of paralysis in which a muscle becomes soft and yields to passive stretching, which results from loss of all or practically all peripheral motor nerves that innervated the muscle
synergy
group of muscles constituting a hemiplegic limb synergy act together as a bound unit motion.
balance
the bodies reaction to changes in the environment, sensory input, base of support or centre of mass
sensory re-education
improve sensation, ability to discriminate between different factors
sensory education
informing someone of strategy of preventing them from getting hurt (routines to do before possible injury)
neuroplasticity
brain retains plastic potential to cortical reorganise and change
Bobath/ Neurodevelopmental theory
a problem solving approach that involves treatment and management of movement dysfunction in individuals with CNS pathophysiology
homonymous hemianopia
blood supply to optic tract is obstructed (brain injury)
unilateral neglect/ hemineglect
inability to interact and use perceptions from one side of the body - affected side is ignored
praxis
ability to perform such skilled/ learned movements
apraxia
inability to carry out praxis movements in the absence of elementary motor, sensory or coordination deficits that could serve as the primary cause
ideational apraxia
inability to conceptualise a task, despite intact identification of the tools.
Ideomotor apraxia
a disorder of gesture performance upon verbal command, despite having intact knowledge of tasks.
Dysarthria
disturbance of articulation and sounds slurred/ explosive caused by in-coordination of the speech mechanism. (sound drunk)
oral apraxia
poor motor planning of speech. Difficulty imitating speech therapist and motor planning of sound production
dysphonia
lost voice or softer sounds
Aphonia
inability to produce sound
language disorder
problems either understanding the words you are saying or saying words that they want to say (or both)
expressive/ Broca’s/ non-fluent aphasia
client may be able to understand what you are asking or telling them but may have difficulty retrieving words (substitute words)
receptive/ wernickes/ fluent aphasia
having difficulty or require extra time or repetition to understand spoken language
global aphasia
having both expressive and receptive aphasia and therefore struggle to understand or say words
