terms Flashcards
1
Q
stroke
A
Apoplexy
1
Q
hemorrhage in the brain
A
Encephalorrhagia
2
Q
any dysfunction of the brain
A
Encephalopathy
2
Q
degenerative process in the brain
A
Encephalosis
3
Q
abscess of the brain
A
Encephalyopysis
4
Q
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
A
Myeloencephalitis
4
Q
brain injury resulting from violent shaking of the brain due to blow to the
head, fall on the end of the spine
A
Cerebral Concussion
5
Q
surgical opening through the cranium
A
Craniotomy
6
Q
surgical removal of a part of the skull
A
Craniectomy
7
Q
surg. excision of the spinous process and laminate permit surgery on the spinal cord
and its nerve roots
A
Laminectomy
8
Q
division of the long tract of the spinal cord referring usually to the antero-lateral
pathways that transmit pain; done to relieve pain.
A
Chordotomy
9
Q
consist of fusing together two or more vertebrae with a bone graft
A
Spinal fusion –
10
Q
surgical cutting / section of a nerve root
A
Rhizotomy
11
Q
destruction of area controlling specific function
A
Sterotactic surgery
12
Q
destruction of a well-defined area in the thalamus by freezing technique
A
Cryothalamectomy
13
Q
diverting the CSF flow from the lateral ventricle of the
spinal subarachnoid space to the peritoneal cavity
A
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (V-P Shunt)
14
Q
surg. opening into the lateral ventricles
A
Ventriculostomy
15
Q
diverting the CSF flow from the lateral ventricle into the right atrium or superior vena cava
A
Ventriculoatrial Shunt (V-A shunt)
15
Q
diminished/low sugar content of the CSF
A
Hypoglycorrhakia
16
Q
increased white cells in the CSF
A
Pleocytosis
17
Q
yellowish discoloration of the CSF
A
Xantochromia
18
Q
awake, quick, clear mentation, normal response to tactile, verbal and painful stimulus
A
Alert
19
Q
responds to stimulus, may be aroused quicky but easily falls asleep; may yawn frequently, fall asleep during meal or lengthy conversation
A
Drowsy
20
Q
does not react spontaneously to environment, wards off noxious stimulus
A
Obtunded
21
does not react spontaneously to environment, wards painful stimuli are necessary to arouse the patient; when stimulate, he moves, but movements are not so purposeful
Stup0rous
22
no response to any stimulation; movement, except for some reflex muscle contractions, May present with decorticate or decerebrate rigidity
Comatose
23
a misinterpreted mental impression of an external stimulus
Illusion
24
state of mental confusion and excitement
Delirium
25
a sensory phenomenon that may precede convulsion such as flash of light, ringing of bells,
hypomnesia, impaired memory
Aura
26
state in which the patient mistakes the identity of persona, places, “mixed-up”
Confusion
27
lack of emotional response
Apathy
28
having an unusually large head
Macrocephalous
29
having an unusually small head
Microcephalous
30
having a head disproportionately short
Bradycephalous
31
having a skull with a long antero-posterior diameter
Dolichocephalic
32
subcutaneous swelling containing blood found on the head
Cephalhematoma
33
protrusion of the brain from the cranial cavity
Cephalocele
34
due to weakness in dorsiflexing the ankle, the patient-elevates the affected foot higher than normal and the foot tends to point downward
“foot-drop” gait
35
the patient shows either or both of the ff. abnormalities
1. he cannot accurately place on foot in front of the other and leg movement is jerky and
uncoordinated; tends to fall to one side.
2. he may be unable to stabilize his trunk in the vertical posture so that he tends to jerk
back and forth (titubation)
Cerebellar gait
35
associated with spastic weakness, movement is slowed & flexion of the knee and hip joint is slowly and imperfectly performed, the affected leg tends to remain adducted, patient has to swing the affected leg around (circumduct) since he cannot flex and elevate it, difficulty in stepping to have to run forward to “catch up” with the center of gravity; affected arm is characteristically held in semiflexion at the elbow and wrist
Spastic gait
36
staggering gait
Titubation
37
morbid acceleration of gait
Festination
37
tendency to push or fall forward in walking
propulsion
38
walking backward, involuntarily
retropulsion
39
standing with marked flexion of the spine though without disturbance of nerve,
muscle, or joint function, displayed by hysterical patients
Camptocormia
40
lying with the body in curved and resting upon the forehead and feet with face
downward.
Emprosthotonus
41
an arched position of the body with the feet and head on the floor or mattress.
Opisthotonus
42
titanic spasm in which the body position is arched to one side.
Pleurothotonus
43
titanic spasm marked by rigidity of the body in a straight line.
Orthotonus
44
harmonious action of muscle groups in performing complex movements
Coordination
45
ability to make antagonistic movements, as pronation and supination, in quick
succession
Diadochokinesia
45
defect in voluntary movements
Apraxia
46
ability to make rapid alternating movements
Adiadochokinesia/Dysdiachokinesia
46
muscle incoordination; lack of coordinated movements
47
lack of coordination between muscle groups, movements are in serial order instead of
being made together
Asynergia
47
inability to fix the range of a movement; undershoots or overshoots
Dysmetria
48
tendency to veer to one side of tip of nose or finger when trying to touch it
Pass-pointing
48
extreme slowness of movement
Bradykinesia
48
state without reflexes
Areflexia
49
motor incoordination in walking
Abasia
50
motor incoordination in standing
Astasia
51
involuntary, sudden movement or convulsion muscular contraction
Spasm
51
spasmodic, muscular contraction usually of the face, neck or shoulder muscles that may be
involuntary or result of habit
Tic
52
a quivering; involuntary movement of a part of the body resulting form alternate
contractions of opposing muscles
Tremor
52
oscillations are relatively slow (6-7 per sec)
coarse tremors
53
rapid tremors; char by oscillations 8-10 times per sec
fine tremors
53
quick, spasmodic contraction of a muscle
Twitching
54
paroxysms of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations
Convulsion
54
having intermittent contraction, muscles being
alternatively contracted and relaxed
clonic movement/convulsion
55
one in which the contractions are maintained for a time which usually
draw joint into the position of flexion for a time which usually draw joint into position of
flexion
tonic convulsion
55
involuntary, spasmodic, purposeless movement, usually involving the extremities and
trunk with facial grimacing
Chorea
55
quick, jerky and shaking movements
Ballismus
56
Hemiballismus
violent motor restlessness of half of the body, most marked in the upper
extremities
56
repeated, involuntary movements of a slow, squirming, writhing, twisting type
Athetosis
56
involuntary movement of the eyeball
Nystagmus
57
resistance all throughout the range of motion
Rigidity
58
resistance at the beginning, then giving in
Spasticity
58
muscular resistance is characteristically intermittent when the muscle is
palpitated
Cogwheel rigidity
59
involuntary movement seen when doing something
Rest tremors
59
impaired of muscle tone
Dystonia
60
diminished muscle tone
Hypotonia
60
loss of muscular tonus
Myotonia
61
twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles
Myoclonus
61
muscular weakness, softness and flabbiness
Flaccidity
62
stiffness of the neck
Nuchal rigidity
62
loss of muscular tonus
Myasthenia
62
repetitive extention – flexion, movement of ankle muscles
Ankle clonus
63
temporary suspension or permanent loss of voluntary motion and sensation in a body
part
Paralysis
64
involved part is in state of muscular rigidity or tenseness
Spastic paralysis
65
involved part is completely relaxed or limp
Flaccid paralysis
66
paralysis of lower half of the body
Paraphlegia
67
paralysis of longitudinal half of the hypoglycemi
Hemiphlegia
67
paralysis of like parts on either side of the body
Diphlegia
67
paralysis of four extremities; tetraphlegia
Quadriphlegia
67
paralysis of the eye muscles
Ophthalmophlegia
68
paralysis of an eyelid
Blepharophlegia
68
partial, slight or incomplete paralysis
Paresis
69
dropping of the upper eyelid
Blepharoptosis
69
involuntary walking backward due to loss of motor control
Opisthoporeia
69
headache; pain in the head
Cephalgia
69
absence/ loss of sensation
Anesthesia
70
absence of pain
Analgesia
70
painful sensation
Dysesthesia, paralgesia
70
peculiar sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling
Paresthesia
71
unusual sensibility to pain/sensory stimuli
Algesia, hyperesthesia
71
severe, lancilating pain along the course of the nerve
Neuralgia
72
pain in the ear
Otalgia
73
a sensation in one limb which is referred to the other one
Allesthesia
73
tactile sensation remote from point of stimulation
Allochestesia
73
blunted perception
Bradyesthesia
74
burning pain that follows injury to peripheral nerve
Causalgia
74
unilateral headache
Hemicrania
75
unilateral headache
Myalgia
75
neuralgia pain in the face
Opsialga
75
abnormally diminished sensitiveness
Hemianesthesia, hypoesthesia
76
loss of comprehension of auditory, visual or other sensations
Agnosia
76
inability to interpret sounds
auditory agnosia
77
inability to interpret images seen
optic agnosia
77
inability to distinguish objects by sense of touch
tactile agnosia
78
the sense by which the form of objects is perceived
Stereognosis
79
inability to tell which side of the body has been touched
Astereognosis
79
double vision
Diplopia
79
loss of vision in one eye
Anopsia
80
inability to visualize correctly the size and shape of things
Dysmetropsia, Dysmegalopsia
80
absence of the sense of smell
Anosmia
81
impairment of the sense of smell
Dysomia
81
impairment of speech
Dysphasia
81
pt. is unable to respond words though he knows what he wants to say
motor aphasia
82
difficulty in articulation
Dysarthria
83
loss of the ability to understand spoken & written languages
Aphasia
84
he is unable to comprehend by word or gesture what is said to him
sensory aphasia
85
difficulty of understanding spoken word
auditory aphasia
86
inability to name objects
nominal aphasia
87
inability to attach meaning to words read
visual/optic aphasia
87
difficulty in expression of ideas
Dyslogia
88
incoherent speech
Paraphasia
88
slowness of speech
Bradylalia, bradyphasia, bradylogia
88
difficulty in speaking due to defect of speech organs
Dysphonia
89
stammering
Dysphemia
89
inability to speak due to dysfunction of the larynx
Aphonia
90
impairment of speech due to defect of speech organs
Dyslalia
91
pathologic repetitions use of words or phrase
Palilalia, paliphrasia
91
continued repetition of meaningless word/phrase; repetition of answers which are
not related to successive questions asked
Perseveration
92
word deafness or word blindness
Aphemesthesia
92
repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more successive words
Alliteration
92
involuntary, parrot-like repetition of words spoken by others often accompanied by
twitching of muscles
Echolalia
92
inability to read; word blindness
Dyslexia
93
inability to express oneself in writing
Agraphia
93
inability to read; word blindness
Alexia
93
complete inability to write
Absolute agraphia
94
inability to write words heard
Acoustic agraphia
94
inability to express thoughts in writing
Cerebral agraphia
94
inability to copy words
Optic agraphia
