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MS LEC NEURO > terms > Flashcards

terms Flashcards

1
Q

stroke

A

Apoplexy

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1
Q

hemorrhage in the brain

A

Encephalorrhagia

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2
Q

any dysfunction of the brain

A

Encephalopathy

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2
Q

degenerative process in the brain

A

Encephalosis

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3
Q

abscess of the brain

A

Encephalyopysis

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4
Q

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

A

Myeloencephalitis

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4
Q

brain injury resulting from violent shaking of the brain due to blow to the
head, fall on the end of the spine

A

Cerebral Concussion

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5
Q

surgical opening through the cranium

A

Craniotomy

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6
Q

surgical removal of a part of the skull

A

Craniectomy

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7
Q

surg. excision of the spinous process and laminate permit surgery on the spinal cord
and its nerve roots

A

Laminectomy

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8
Q

division of the long tract of the spinal cord referring usually to the antero-lateral
pathways that transmit pain; done to relieve pain.

A

Chordotomy

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9
Q

consist of fusing together two or more vertebrae with a bone graft

A

Spinal fusion –

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10
Q

surgical cutting / section of a nerve root

A

Rhizotomy

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11
Q

destruction of area controlling specific function

A

Sterotactic surgery

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12
Q

destruction of a well-defined area in the thalamus by freezing technique

A

Cryothalamectomy

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13
Q

diverting the CSF flow from the lateral ventricle of the
spinal subarachnoid space to the peritoneal cavity

A

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (V-P Shunt)

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14
Q

surg. opening into the lateral ventricles

A

Ventriculostomy

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15
Q

diverting the CSF flow from the lateral ventricle into the right atrium or superior vena cava

A

Ventriculoatrial Shunt (V-A shunt)

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15
Q

diminished/low sugar content of the CSF

A

Hypoglycorrhakia

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16
Q

increased white cells in the CSF

A

Pleocytosis

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17
Q

yellowish discoloration of the CSF

A

Xantochromia

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18
Q

awake, quick, clear mentation, normal response to tactile, verbal and painful stimulus

A

Alert

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19
Q

responds to stimulus, may be aroused quicky but easily falls asleep; may yawn frequently, fall asleep during meal or lengthy conversation

A

Drowsy

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20
Q

does not react spontaneously to environment, wards off noxious stimulus

A

Obtunded

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21
Q

does not react spontaneously to environment, wards painful stimuli are necessary to arouse the patient; when stimulate, he moves, but movements are not so purposeful

A

Stup0rous

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22
Q

no response to any stimulation; movement, except for some reflex muscle contractions, May present with decorticate or decerebrate rigidity

A

Comatose

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23
Q

a misinterpreted mental impression of an external stimulus

A

Illusion

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24
Q

state of mental confusion and excitement

A

Delirium

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25
Q

a sensory phenomenon that may precede convulsion such as flash of light, ringing of bells,
hypomnesia, impaired memory

A

Aura

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26
Q

state in which the patient mistakes the identity of persona, places, “mixed-up”

A

Confusion

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27
Q

lack of emotional response

A

Apathy

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28
Q

having an unusually large head

A

Macrocephalous

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29
Q

having an unusually small head

A

Microcephalous

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30
Q

having a head disproportionately short

A

Bradycephalous

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31
Q

having a skull with a long antero-posterior diameter

A

Dolichocephalic

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32
Q

subcutaneous swelling containing blood found on the head

A

Cephalhematoma

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33
Q

protrusion of the brain from the cranial cavity

A

Cephalocele

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34
Q

due to weakness in dorsiflexing the ankle, the patient-elevates the affected foot higher than normal and the foot tends to point downward

A

“foot-drop” gait

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35
Q

the patient shows either or both of the ff. abnormalities
1. he cannot accurately place on foot in front of the other and leg movement is jerky and
uncoordinated; tends to fall to one side.
2. he may be unable to stabilize his trunk in the vertical posture so that he tends to jerk
back and forth (titubation)

A

Cerebellar gait

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35
Q

associated with spastic weakness, movement is slowed & flexion of the knee and hip joint is slowly and imperfectly performed, the affected leg tends to remain adducted, patient has to swing the affected leg around (circumduct) since he cannot flex and elevate it, difficulty in stepping to have to run forward to “catch up” with the center of gravity; affected arm is characteristically held in semiflexion at the elbow and wrist

A

Spastic gait

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36
Q

staggering gait

A

Titubation

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37
Q

morbid acceleration of gait

A

Festination

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37
Q

tendency to push or fall forward in walking

A

propulsion

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38
Q

walking backward, involuntarily

A

retropulsion

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39
Q

standing with marked flexion of the spine though without disturbance of nerve,
muscle, or joint function, displayed by hysterical patients

A

Camptocormia

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40
Q

lying with the body in curved and resting upon the forehead and feet with face
downward.

A

Emprosthotonus

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41
Q

an arched position of the body with the feet and head on the floor or mattress.

A

Opisthotonus

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42
Q

titanic spasm in which the body position is arched to one side.

A

Pleurothotonus

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43
Q

titanic spasm marked by rigidity of the body in a straight line.

A

Orthotonus

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44
Q

harmonious action of muscle groups in performing complex movements

A

Coordination

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45
Q

ability to make antagonistic movements, as pronation and supination, in quick
succession

A

Diadochokinesia

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45
Q

defect in voluntary movements

A

Apraxia

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46
Q

ability to make rapid alternating movements

A

Adiadochokinesia/Dysdiachokinesia

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46
Q

muscle incoordination; lack of coordinated movements

A
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47
Q

lack of coordination between muscle groups, movements are in serial order instead of
being made together

A

Asynergia

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47
Q

inability to fix the range of a movement; undershoots or overshoots

A

Dysmetria

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48
Q

tendency to veer to one side of tip of nose or finger when trying to touch it

A

Pass-pointing

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48
Q

extreme slowness of movement

A

Bradykinesia

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48
Q

state without reflexes

A

Areflexia

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49
Q

motor incoordination in walking

A

Abasia

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50
Q

motor incoordination in standing

A

Astasia

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51
Q

involuntary, sudden movement or convulsion muscular contraction

51
Q

spasmodic, muscular contraction usually of the face, neck or shoulder muscles that may be
involuntary or result of habit

52
Q

a quivering; involuntary movement of a part of the body resulting form alternate
contractions of opposing muscles

52
Q

oscillations are relatively slow (6-7 per sec)

A

coarse tremors

53
Q

rapid tremors; char by oscillations 8-10 times per sec

A

fine tremors

53
Q

quick, spasmodic contraction of a muscle

54
Q

paroxysms of involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations

A

Convulsion

54
Q

having intermittent contraction, muscles being
alternatively contracted and relaxed

A

clonic movement/convulsion

55
Q

one in which the contractions are maintained for a time which usually
draw joint into the position of flexion for a time which usually draw joint into position of
flexion

A

tonic convulsion

55
Q

involuntary, spasmodic, purposeless movement, usually involving the extremities and
trunk with facial grimacing

55
Q

quick, jerky and shaking movements

56
Q

Hemiballismus

A

violent motor restlessness of half of the body, most marked in the upper
extremities

56
Q

repeated, involuntary movements of a slow, squirming, writhing, twisting type

56
Q

involuntary movement of the eyeball

57
Q

resistance all throughout the range of motion

58
Q

resistance at the beginning, then giving in

A

Spasticity

58
Q

muscular resistance is characteristically intermittent when the muscle is
palpitated

A

Cogwheel rigidity

59
Q

involuntary movement seen when doing something

A

Rest tremors

59
Q

impaired of muscle tone

60
Q

diminished muscle tone

60
Q

loss of muscular tonus

61
Q

twitching or clonic spasm of a muscle or group of muscles

61
Q

muscular weakness, softness and flabbiness

A

Flaccidity

62
Q

stiffness of the neck

A

Nuchal rigidity

62
Q

loss of muscular tonus

A

Myasthenia

62
Q

repetitive extention – flexion, movement of ankle muscles

A

Ankle clonus

63
Q

temporary suspension or permanent loss of voluntary motion and sensation in a body
part

64
Q

involved part is in state of muscular rigidity or tenseness

A

Spastic paralysis

65
Q

involved part is completely relaxed or limp

A

Flaccid paralysis

66
Q

paralysis of lower half of the body

A

Paraphlegia

67
Q

paralysis of longitudinal half of the hypoglycemi

A

Hemiphlegia

67
Q

paralysis of like parts on either side of the body

67
Q

paralysis of four extremities; tetraphlegia

A

Quadriphlegia

67
Q

paralysis of the eye muscles

A

Ophthalmophlegia

68
Q

paralysis of an eyelid

A

Blepharophlegia

68
Q

partial, slight or incomplete paralysis

69
Q

dropping of the upper eyelid

A

Blepharoptosis

69
Q

involuntary walking backward due to loss of motor control

A

Opisthoporeia

69
Q

headache; pain in the head

69
Q

absence/ loss of sensation

A

Anesthesia

70
Q

absence of pain

70
Q

painful sensation

A

Dysesthesia, paralgesia

70
Q

peculiar sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling

A

Paresthesia

71
Q

unusual sensibility to pain/sensory stimuli

A

Algesia, hyperesthesia

71
Q

severe, lancilating pain along the course of the nerve

72
Q

pain in the ear

73
Q

a sensation in one limb which is referred to the other one

A

Allesthesia

73
Q

tactile sensation remote from point of stimulation

A

Allochestesia

73
Q

blunted perception

A

Bradyesthesia

74
Q

burning pain that follows injury to peripheral nerve

74
Q

unilateral headache

A

Hemicrania

75
Q

unilateral headache

75
Q

neuralgia pain in the face

75
Q

abnormally diminished sensitiveness

A

Hemianesthesia, hypoesthesia

76
Q

loss of comprehension of auditory, visual or other sensations

76
Q

inability to interpret sounds

A

auditory agnosia

77
Q

inability to interpret images seen

A

optic agnosia

77
Q

inability to distinguish objects by sense of touch

A

tactile agnosia

78
Q

the sense by which the form of objects is perceived

A

Stereognosis

79
Q

inability to tell which side of the body has been touched

A

Astereognosis

79
Q

double vision

79
Q

loss of vision in one eye

80
Q

inability to visualize correctly the size and shape of things

A

Dysmetropsia, Dysmegalopsia

80
Q

absence of the sense of smell

81
Q

impairment of the sense of smell

81
Q

impairment of speech

81
Q

pt. is unable to respond words though he knows what he wants to say

A

motor aphasia

82
Q

difficulty in articulation

A

Dysarthria

83
Q

loss of the ability to understand spoken & written languages

84
Q

he is unable to comprehend by word or gesture what is said to him

A

sensory aphasia

85
Q

difficulty of understanding spoken word

A

auditory aphasia

86
Q

inability to name objects

A

nominal aphasia

87
Q

inability to attach meaning to words read

A

visual/optic aphasia

87
Q

difficulty in expression of ideas

88
Q

incoherent speech

A

Paraphasia

88
Q

slowness of speech

A

Bradylalia, bradyphasia, bradylogia

88
Q

difficulty in speaking due to defect of speech organs

89
Q

stammering

89
Q

inability to speak due to dysfunction of the larynx

90
Q

impairment of speech due to defect of speech organs

91
Q

pathologic repetitions use of words or phrase

A

Palilalia, paliphrasia

91
Q

continued repetition of meaningless word/phrase; repetition of answers which are
not related to successive questions asked

A

Perseveration

92
Q

word deafness or word blindness

A

Aphemesthesia

92
Q

repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more successive words

A

Alliteration

92
Q

involuntary, parrot-like repetition of words spoken by others often accompanied by
twitching of muscles

92
Q

inability to read; word blindness

93
Q

inability to express oneself in writing

93
Q

inability to read; word blindness

93
Q

complete inability to write

A

Absolute agraphia

94
Q

inability to write words heard

A

Acoustic agraphia

94
Q

inability to express thoughts in writing

A

Cerebral agraphia

94
Q

inability to copy words

A

Optic agraphia

MS LEC NEURO (2 decks)

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