Terms Flashcards
Pharmacology
Science of drugs, including their ingredients, preparation, uses in actions on the body
Pharmacodynamics
The process by which a medication works on the body
Medication
A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve pain
Agonist
Medication that causes stimulation of receptors
Antagonist
Medication that binds to a receptor and blocks of medication or chemicals from attaching
Dose
The amount of medication that is given
Action
The intended therapeutic effect that a medication is expected to have on the body
Therapeutic effect
The desired or intended effect
Pharmacokinetics
Actions of the body upon the medication or chemical
Onset of action
Duration
Elimination
Peak
Indicators
The reason their conditions for which a particular medicine is given
Contraindications
Could possibly harm the patient or have no possible effect on the patient’s condition
Absolute contraindication
Medication should never be given if the contraindication is present
Relative contraindication
The benefits of administering the drug may outweigh the risks
Adverse effects
Any actions of a medication other than the desired ones
Unintended effects
Undesirable proposed little risk to the patient
Untoward effects
Can be harmful to the patient
Generic name
Simple, clear, non-proprietary name
(ibuprofen)
Trade name
Brand name that a manufacturer gives to medication
(Tylenol)
Enternal medication
Enter the body through the digestive system
Sublingual SL
Per rectum PR
By mouth PO
Parenteral medications
Enter the body by a route other than the digestive track, the skin, or the mucous membranes
Intravenous IV, Intraosseous IO, Inhalation
Intranasal IN, Intramuscular IM, Subcutaneous, Transcutaneous
Absorption
The process by which medication travel to the body tissues, until they reach the bloodstream
Mucosal atomizer device MAD
In the intranasal route of medication administration, a liquid medication is pushed through this device. The liquid medication is aerosolized.
Capsules
Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication
Tablets
Often contain other materials that are mixed with the medication
Solution
Liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated by filtering, or allowing the mixture to stand
Suspension
Find particles or substances that do not dissolve well in liquids
Metered dose inhaler MDI
A miniature spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and into the lungs
Topical medications
Lotions, creams and ointment applied to the surface of the skin and effect only that area
Transcutaneous medication’s
Transdermal medication’s are designed the absorbed through the skin or transcutaneous
Gels
Semi liquid substances administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes
The nine “rights” of medication administration
Right patient
Right medication and indication
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right education
Right to refuse
Right response and evaluation
Right documentation
Peer assisted medication
You are administering medication to yourself for your partner
Patient assisted medication
You are assisting the patient with the administration of his or her own medication
EMT administered medication
Directly administering the medication to the patient
Hypoglycemia
Extremely low blood glucose level
Anti-platelet medication
Decrease the ability of blood platelets to aggregate (stick together)
Medication error
Inappropriate use of a medication that could lead patient harm
Aspirin route
By mouth
Albuterol/Atrovent route
Inhalation
Epinephrine route
Intramuscular
Naloxone route
Intramuscular, intranasal
Nitroglycerin route
Sublingual tablet or spray
Oral glucose route
By mouth
Oxygen route
Inhalation
Aspirin action
Anti-inflammatory agent, and anti-fever agent; prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots
Albuterol/Atrovent action
Stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation
Epinephrine action
Stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation
Naloxone action
Reserves respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose
Nitroglycerin action
Dilates blood vessels
Oral glucose action
When absorbed provides glucose for cell use
Oxygen action
Reverse hypoxia; provides oxygen to be absorbed by lungs
Aspirin indications
Relief of mild pain, headache, muscle aches, fever; chest pain of cardiac origin
Albuterol/Atrovent indications
Asthma/difficulty breathing with wheezing
Epinephrine indications
Anaphylactic reaction
Naloxone indications
Opioid poisoning
Nitroglycerin indications
Chest pain of cardiac origin
Oral glucose indications
Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia)
Oxygen indications
Hypoxia or suspected hypoxia
Aspirin contraindications
Hypersensitivity; recent bleeding
Albuterol/Atrovent contraindications
Hypersensitivity; tachycardia (relative); chest pain of cardiac origin
Epinephrine contraindications
Chest pain of cardiac origin; hypothermia; hypertension
Naloxone contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Nitroglycerin contraindications
Hypotension; use of sildenafil (Viagra) or another treatment for erectile dysfunction within the previous 24 hours; head injury
Oral glucose contraindications
Decreased level of conscious; nausea; vomiting
Oxygen contraindications
Very rarely used in patients with COPD; do not use near open flames as oxygen will support combustion
Aspirin adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting stomach pain, bleeding allergic reactions
Albuterol/Atrovent adverse effects
Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
Epinephrine adverse effects
Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
Naloxone adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting
Nitroglycerin adverse effects
Headache, burning under tongue, hypotension, nausea
Oral glucose adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting
Oxygen adverse effects
Decreased respiratory effort in rare cases in patients with COPD
Aspirin interactions
Caution should be used in patients who are taking anticoagulants
Albuterol/Atrovent interactions
Increases effects of other nervous system stimulants
Epinephrine interactions
Increases effects of other nervous system stimulants
Naloxone interactions
Additional doses may be required for severe opioid overdoses
Nitroglycerin interactions
Increases dilating effects of other blood vessels-dilating medications
Oral glucose interactions
None
Oxygen interactions
Can support combustion
Aspirin adult dose
160 to 325 mg
Albuterol/Atrovent adult dose
One to two inhalations; wait five minutes for repeating dose
Epinephrine adult dose
0.3 mg for adult
0.15 mg for children
Naloxone adult dose
2 mg intranasal or intramuscular auto injector
Oral glucose adult dose
Half to one tube
Oxygen adult dose
Use oxygen delivery devices to administer 28% to 100% oxygen
Aspirin administration concerns
Do not administer for pain, caused by trauma, or for fevers in children; patient with chest pain must be able to chew tablets
Albuterol/Atrovent administration concerns
Patient must inhale all medication in one breath; coach patient to hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation
Epinephrine administration concerns
Medication will last approximately five minutes; do not repeat dose ensure ALS is in route for continuing treatment.
Naloxone administration concerns
Patient may wake up combative
Nitroglycerin administration concerns
Ensure ALS is in route
Oral glucose administration concerns
Patient must be awake, have control of airway and be able to follow commands
Oxygen administration concerns
No open flames nearby. d not withhold oxygen from patients and respiratory stress.
