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world history final terms > terms > Flashcards

terms Flashcards

1
Q

humanism

A

a non-theistic view centered on human agency, and a reliance on science and reason rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world

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2
Q

secular

A

the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion

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3
Q

patron

A

one who gives benefits to his clients

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4
Q

vernacular

A

using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language

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5
Q

the courtier

A

a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty

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6
Q

Raphael

A

Italian painter and architect who is regarded as one of the greatest of Renaissance artists

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7
Q

Donatello

A

one of greatest Italian Renaissance artists, noted especially for his sculptures in marble, bronze, and wood.

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8
Q

Leonardo da vinci

A

Italian Renaissance artist, architect, engineer, and scientist

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9
Q

Michelangelo

A

Italian artist, architect and poet, who is considered one of the greatest and most influential of all Renaissance figures

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10
Q

the prince

A

A short treatise on how to acquire power, create a state, and keep it, made by Machiavelli

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11
Q

Machiavelli

A

Florentine Renaissance-era philosopher, government/public official, and author

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12
Q

utopia

A

an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions.

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13
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English playwright, poet and actor

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14
Q

printing press

A

machine by which text and images are transferred from movable type to paper or other media by means of ink

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15
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

designed and built the first known mechanized printing press in Europe

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16
Q

indulgences

A

a distinctive feature of the penitential system of both the Western medieval and the Roman Catholic Church that granted full or partial remission of the punishment of sin.

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17
Q

reformation

A

religious movement to reform the Catholic Church and resulting in the formation of Protestant churches

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18
Q

protestant

A

a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500’s

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19
Q

martin luther

A

a 16th-century monk and theologian, was one of the most significant figures in Christian history. His beliefs helped birth the Reformation

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20
Q

Lutheran

A

branch of Christianity that traces its interpretation of the Christian religion to the teachings of Martin Luther and the 16th-century movements that issued from his reforms

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21
Q

peace of Augsburg

A

the religious resolution to a conflict started in 1517 by Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

22
Q

annul

A

to make void or null; abolish; cancel; invalidate

23
Q

Anglican

A

a particular Christian tradition born out of the Protestant Reformation in England (16th century)

24
Q

Henry the 8th

A

king of france

25
Q

Elizabeth 1st

A

Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603

26
Q

predestination

A

the belief that God has predetermined who will receive salvation and who will not

27
Q

john Calvin

A

French lawyer, theologian, and ecclesiastical statesman

28
Q

theocracy

A

a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government’s daily affairs

29
Q

the jesuits

A

a men’s religious order of priests and brothers

30
Q

Ignatius of Loyola

A

a Spanish priest and theologian who founded the Jesuit order in 1534 and was one of the most influential figures in the Counter-Reformation

31
Q

council of Trent

A

a meeting of Catholic clerics convened by Pope Paul III (served 1534-1549) in response to the Protestant Reformation.

32
Q

god, glory and gold

A

“God” stands for the desire to spread and expand Christianity. “Glory” stands for greater power and a larger empire. And finally, “gold” stands for the attainment of gold, silver, and other precious stones for greater wealth

33
Q

Bartholomew dais

A

Portuguese mariner and explorer

34
Q

prince Henry

A

a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.

35
Q

vasco de gama

A

Portuguese explorer and navigator, and the first person to sail directly from Europe to India

36
Q

the ship - caravel

A

a small maneuverable sailing ship used in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean

37
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

a navigator who explored the Americas under the flag of Spain

38
Q

hernan cortes

A

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico

39
Q

conquistador

A

a person who is out to conquer new territory. a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

40
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

conquered Peru and, after assassinating Emperor Atahualpa, conquered the Inca Empire and claimed its territories on behalf of the Spanish crow

41
Q

encomienda

A

formal system of forced labor in Spanish colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and colonization

42
Q

new france

A

the territory colonized by France in North America

43
Q

jamestown

A

a former village on the James River in Virginia to the north of Norfolk

44
Q

the pilgrims

A

a person who goes on a long journey often with a religious or moral purpose, and especially to a foreign land

45
Q

the puritans

A

English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices

46
Q

the french and Indian war

A

the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War

47
Q

triangular trade

A

the three-legged route that made up the Atlantic slave trade. They were in Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

48
Q

middle passage

A

the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade.

49
Q

Columbia exchange

A

the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas and vice versa

50
Q

joint stock company

A

a business owned by its investors, with each investor owning a share of the company based on the amount that they’ve invested

world history final terms (1 decks)

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