TERMS Flashcards
the ideal capacity of road
2000 veh/hr
no. of veh/unit distance occupying a section
density
no. of veh moving in a specified direction on a given lane or roadway
traffic volume
ability to accommodate traffic volume
traffic capacity
time interval between the passage of successive veh
time headway
distance between successive veh
space headway
arithmetic mean of speed of veh
time mean speed
harmonic mean of speed of veh
space mean speed
max speed that can be attained
mean free speed
transmission of sensations received to brain
perception time
after perception, formation of new thoughts
intellection
linked with the 2 stages, perception and intellection, like fear and anger
emotion
taking decision
volition
distance travelled during total reaction
lag distance
process of reaction of driver
P I E V
perception
intellection
emotion
volition
application of brake
braking distance
minimum sight distance to stop
stopping sight distance
minimum sight distance to maneuver without colliding opposing veh
passing sight distance
hypothetical wave, largest 1/3 of height
significant wave
datum line
mean lower low water (MLLW)
length between 2 consecutive crests
wavelength
distance of highest to lowest in wave
wave height
highest point in wave
crest
lowest point in wave
through
groundwater table rises
bearing decreases
used to measure undrained shear strength
shear vane
Sudden change of water level
hydraulic jump
pressure surge or wave
water hammer
sum of vertical component of all intergranular contact force
effective stress
sudden drop
liquefaction
upstream to downstream
flow line
same magnitude and direction
uniform flow
flow not changed in time
steady flow
V=2m/s, critical time per unit length
1sec
flow of water in pipe takes place from ___________________
higher energy to lower energy
present overburden pressure, unit weight times height
geostatic pressure
mole attraction of like particles
cohesion
mole attraction of unlike particles
adhesion
hydrometer used for
specific gravity
formation of spray of liquid drops
weber number
piezometer is for
very low pressure
manometer is for
pressure in channel’s pipe
manning’s formula for
head loss due to friction of open channel
avoid interruption of flow in syphon
summit
rise of liquid, revolving cylinder
same as the depression of liquid at the axis of rotation
fluids change the volume under external pressure
compressibility
shear stress directly proportional to
shear strain or rate of shear strain
total energy gradient is the graphical churva
AOTA
total pressure on TOP closed cylindrical, 100% filled
radius^4
hydraulic grade line
may be above or below the center of conduit
specific weight of sea water
AOTA
clays are more porous than sands
AOTA
internal molecular attraction
more in well compacted clays
quantity seepage of water through soil is proportional to
both A and B
effective size of particles of soil
D10
coefficient of compressibility
strain to stress
failure plane ____ carry max shear stress
does not
increases with increase in liquid limit
compression index of soil
lateral support excavation
caisson
consist of 3 layer of wood churva
plywood
1 layer of wood only
glulam
type of slab, column chuchu
flat slab
type of slab, kung walang column chuchu
flat plate
force is intensity of pressure times centroid of area
AOTA
centroid of submerged surface coincides with center of pressure
surface is horizontal
soil mass is in plastic equilibrium if
on the verge of failure
practical fluids posses
AOTA
soil moisture driven off by heat
hydroscopic water
seepage force in soil
AOTA
liquid particle has definite path, adjacent don’t cross each other
stream line flow
soil is expansive if:
-PI is ___ or greater
-soil particles pass seive no 200 is more than ___
-exceed swell pressure by ____
- 15%
- 10%
- 20%
excavation in excess of ____ depth shall have shoring
1.5m
minimum of ___ test for every 500m^2 with compaction
3
volume is more accurate. only volume has units of time
true
treatments
realigning
B/C analysis
insurance chuchu
assumptions
coefficient of friction
topographic surveys
I,II,III,V
green’s theorem
service area
factors affecting experiment chuchu
natural, instrument, and personal
rapid curing of asphalt
petroleum chuchu
lifting capacity of crane decrease with ____
increase in load radius
space mean speed is always _______ to time mean speed
less than or equal
absolute viscosity at 140*F
viscosity grading
penetration standardized needle, 77*
penetration
conform gradual movement
flexibility
repeated wheel loads
fatigue resistance
resist tire slipping or skidding
skid resistance
resistance to passage of water and air
impermeability
allow passage of water and air
permeability
ease of placement and compaction
workability
test for the workability of concrete
slump test
maximum and minimum of slump test
max= 100mm, 4in
min= 25mm, 1in
interconnected cracks, small blocks
alligator cracks
forming thin layer, migrated upward
bleeding
disintegration of pavement in limited area
blow-up
cracks perpendicular
cold cracking
plastic deformation by ripples across the pavement
corrugation
separation of pavement
cracking
break up of pavement
disintegration
liquid asphalt draining
drain down
different in elevation of edges of 2 adjacent slabs
faulting
longitudinal cracking
lateral spreading cracking
excessive displacement under traffic
plastic instability
aggregates surfaces become smooth and rounded
polishing
bowl-shaped hole in pavement
pothole
bellows-like movement of pavement
pumping
gradual, progressive loss of surface by loss of fine
raveling
follow the crack, joint pattern of layers
reflective cracking
channelized depressions occur in normal paths
rutting
peeling away of upper layer
scaling
pushing the pavement around, resulting in bulging
shoving
crescent shaped crack
slippage cracking
breaking or slipping of pavement
spalling
alternating areas, uneven spraying
streaking
asphalt not sticking to aggregate, water susceptibility
stripping
slow setting pavement
difficult to roll or compact
tender mix
local upward displacement
upheaving
bituminous concrete
mixture of asphalt binder and mixed aggregate
hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC)
stopping sight distance of loaded ship is _______ times the ship’s length
7 to 8
more than 1 ship accommodated in berth, clearance is _____ times the length of largest ship
0.1
formed by frictional drag
energy from wind
gravity waves
change in dissection of travel of wave
wave refraction
greatest height after the time of full and new moon
spring tides
sun, moon and earth fall in line
highest tide
spring tides
difference of high water and low water
tidal range
greatest height after the moon is quadrature
earth with sun and moon form right triangle
neap tides
largest 1/3 of all waves
significant waves
max wave height and wave period of max wave height in wave train
highest wave
depth is less than the half of its length
d < L/2
shallow water wave
current is negligible changing directions
less than 1/10 of knot
slack water
busiest ports in the world
1 shanghai, china
2 singapore, singapore
3 shenzen, china
demand increase, low price
law of demand
price increase, supply increase
law of supply
demand high
supply down
price increase
law of supply and demand
input increased continuously marginal output decrease
law of diminishing returns
single supplier/seller
monopoly
small no of sellers
oligopoly
large no of sellers
perfect competition
single buyer
monopsony
small no of buyers
oligopsony
large no of buyers
monopsonistic competition
thin coating of asphalt
seal coat
below the layer asphalt
between asphalt and binder
tack coat
binds asphalt and base
binder
crushed stone, etc
base
intermediate support of pavement
subbase
first layer in pavement, yung pinakalast
subgrade
acceptable height in cut
3m
acceptable height in fill
2m
how many days you will inform the person involved before project/cutting/filling
10 days
slope of cut and fill
1:2, 50%
ground surface, slope?
1:5, 20%
in benching, what is the length of first step from toe
3m
ano ang pinakamalaking size ng bato sa fill
200mm
what is the thickness of soil to compact before laying another soil to compact again
20cm
minimum percentage in compaction
90% compacted
a. bearing capacity of base=300mm by height=300mm
b. if another 300mm ang nadagdag sa either height or base, ilang percent ang idadagdag sa bearing capacity?
a. 100 kpa
b. 20%
Bcap = 100(1+0.2(n))
n= kung ilan ang 300mm na nadagdag
average undrained shear strength of clay in kpa
soft 12-24
medium 24-48
stiff 48-96
very stiff 96-192
hard 192-383
average undrained bearing strength of clay in kpa
soft 0-25
medium 25-50
stiff 50-100
very stiff 100-150
hard 150-200
unconfined compression strength of cohesive soil deposit in kpa
very soft 0-24
soft 24-48
medium 48-96
stiff 96-192
