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Chem 120 > terms > Flashcards

terms Flashcards

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1
Q

how to calculate protons

A

same as atomic number

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2
Q

how to calculate mass number

A

protons + neutrons

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3
Q

how to calculate charge

A

protons- electrons

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4
Q

what are 3 states of matter

A

solid liquid gas

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5
Q

what are elements

A

made up of single type of atom cannot be simplified

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6
Q

what is compounds

A

formed from two or more elements bonded together

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7
Q

what is a mixtures

A

contain two or more substances that are only physically bonded together

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8
Q

what is marcoscopic

A

chemical and physical properties observed by eye

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9
Q

microscopic

A

observed by microscopic level atoms or molecules

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10
Q

symbolic

A

used my chemist

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11
Q

chemical properties

A

undergo substance converted to different substances

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12
Q

physical properties

A

altering physical form or shape without changing composition

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13
Q

what is potential energy

A

stored energy

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14
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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15
Q

what is thermal energy

A

energy with temp or heat

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16
Q

what is law of conservation of energy

A

energy cant be created or destroyed

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17
Q

what is extensive matter

A

depends upon quantity of matter observed

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18
Q

what is intensive matter

A

doesn’t depend upon quantity of matter observed

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19
Q

what is qualitative

A

thing we can see, hear, smell or feel

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20
Q

what is quantitative observations

A

numerical data in experiment

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21
Q

what is accuracy

A

how close a measurement is to true value

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22
Q

what is precision

A

how close a group of measurements are close to each other

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23
Q

what is random error

A

measurement has equal probability of being high or lower than true value and is inconsistent

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24
Q

what is systematic error

A

error occurs in same direction each time always high and low occurs consistently

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25
Q

what is exact numbers

A

has infinite sig figs

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26
Q

what is uncertain numbers

A

is a guess or estimate, had decimals

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27
Q

what are the 3 chemical laws

A

law of conservation
law of definite proportions
law of multiple proportions

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28
Q

what is daltons atomic theory

A

-element made of atoms
-atoms of elements can’t be converted into atoms if another
-atoms of element are same in mass
- atoms combine in simple whole numbers ratio to from compounds

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29
Q

what is law of conservation of mass

A

mass of substance after chemical reaction is same as total mass of substance

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30
Q

what is law of multiple proportions

A

two element combine to form two different compounds

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31
Q

what are subatomic particles

A

protons, electrons, neutrons

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32
Q

what is nuclear structure of atom

A

complex arrangement of negative charged electrons arranged in shells around posture charged nucleus

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33
Q

what is atomic mass

A

average isotopic mass weighted to natural abundance of the element

34
Q

what is atomic number

A

number of protons in nucleus of an atom

35
Q

what is isotope

A

atoms that have same atomic number but different mass number

36
Q

how is modern periodic table constructed

A

consists of element boxes and properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number

37
Q

what is group in periodic table

A

vertical columns in the table

38
Q

what is a period in periodic table

A

horizontal rows in periodic table

39
Q

what is group 1 in periodic table

A

alkali metals

40
Q

what is group 2 in periodic table

A

alkaline earth metals

41
Q

what is group 17 in periodic table

A

halogens

42
Q

what is group 18 in periodic table

A

noble gases

43
Q

how to identify metals

A

shiny, conduct heat and electricity, located in middle of table

44
Q

how to identify nonmetals

A

dull, brittle not good conductor, located on right side

45
Q

how to identify metalloids

A

have properties between metal and nonmetals, located on staircase on table

46
Q

what are ionic compounds

A

metal and nonmetal react

47
Q

what are covalent compounds

A

formed by two nonmetals

48
Q

what is empirical formula

A

simplest type and shows atom present and their relative number CH20

49
Q

what is molecular formula

A

shows actual number of atoms present C3H402

50
Q

what is structural formula

A

shows order in which atoms are bonded c-o-o-h

51
Q

what are inorganic compounds

A

compounds contain element other than carbon or hydrogen

52
Q

what are polytomic ions

A

normally anions and end in ide

53
Q

what are oxyanions

A

end in ite if fewer O atoms or ate if more

54
Q

what are oxyacids

A

acids with anions that don’t contain oxygen

55
Q

what is a chemical reaction

A

where products are converted to reactants

56
Q

what are products of combustion

A

CO2 and H2O

57
Q

what is stoichmetry

A

measure of elements using mole ratio

58
Q

actual yield

A

quantity of product found to be formed in chemical reactions

59
Q

theoretical yield

A

max amount of product produced by chemical reactions depending on amount of reactant present

60
Q

limit reacting

A

reactant that is consumed first in chemical reaction and limits how much products can form

61
Q

what is simultaneous reaction

A

two or more reactions occurring at same time in same system

62
Q

what is consecutive reaction

A

serval steps of reaction which the product first step will be reactant of next step

63
Q

what is overall reactions

A

one or more reactant converted to different products

64
Q

what is side reaction

A

when substance are reacting and a additional compound is formed

65
Q

what is by product

A

what is produced from a desired reaction

66
Q

what is a intermediate

A

formed in an early step but consumed in later step

67
Q

what are electrolytes

A

substances when dissolved in water and ionize

68
Q

what is strong electrolytes

A

ionize completely and conduct’s electricity

69
Q

what is weak electrolytes

A

ionize only partially and conducts electricity partially

70
Q

what is precipitation

A

a solid forming in a reaction

71
Q

what is acid base reaction

A

exchange of hydrogen ions

72
Q

what is redox reactions

A

transfer of electrons

73
Q

what do acids do

A

proton donors

74
Q

what do bases do

A

proton acceptors

75
Q

what is oxidation state

A

number of electrons an atom loses or gains and is based on the charge of ion

76
Q

what is titration

A

slow addition of known conc to known volume of solution with unknown conc to reach neutralization

77
Q

what is gravimetric analysis

A

determining quantity of an analyte based on mass of solid

78
Q

what is never a solid in a precipitation reaction

A

NO

79
Q

if a reaction is soluble, will precipitation occur 

A

no precipitation will not and no solid

80
Q

if a reaction is insoluble a reaction will

A

precipitate out and form a solid

81
Q

what does oxidation do

A

loses electrons goes smaller go bigger

82
Q

what does reduction do

A

gains electrons and goes bigger ti smaller

Chem 120 (3 decks)

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