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Rhetorics -- terms and words > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

Word which sounds like what it means “bang”, “crash” and “thud”

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2
Q

Simile

A

A metaphor with its scaffolding still in place, “as like two peas in a pod”.
(Comparing two (sometimes unlike) things by using the words “like,” “as,” or “than”)

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3
Q

Exemplum

A

Use of example/case study

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4
Q

Consonance

A

Rhyming consonants (basically alliteration)

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5
Q

Assonance

A

Rhyming similar vowel sounds

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6
Q

Homeoteleuton

A

Repetition of word endings
“The cheapER the crook, the gaudiER the pattER”

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7
Q

Palilogia

A

Repetition without words in-between
“Location, location, location.”

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8
Q

Epistrophe

A

Repetition of last word
“Government of the people, by the people and for the people”

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9
Q

Diacope

A

A-B-A
“Free at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty, we are free at last!”

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10
Q

Anaphora

A

Repetition of initial word/phrase
“We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight on the hills and streets.”

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11
Q

Anticlimax

A

Raising the tone, then deliberately dropping it.
“Not only is there no God, but try getting a plumber ton the weekends.”

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12
Q

Polysendeton

A

Repeated use of coordinating conjunctions (and, or)
“Let the whitefolks have their money and power and segregation and sarcasm and big houses and schools and lawns like carpets and books and mostly-mostly-let them have their whiteness.”

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13
Q

Litotes

A

Understatement
“The war situation has developed not necessarily to Japan’s advantage”

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14
Q

Antanagoge

A

Balancing negative point with positive
“So you live alone? It must be nice to be able to do what you want”

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15
Q

Catacosmesis

A

Arranging items from biggest to smallest/greatest to least
“Lions led by donkey”

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16
Q

Syllogism

A

Three-part argument: 2 statements and a conclusion.
“Smiling is my favourite. You make me smile. That makes you my favourite.”

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17
Q

Enthymeme

A

An argumentative statement in which the writer or the speaker omits one of the premises, does not clearly pronounce it, or keeps the promise implied.
“I have come here to chew bubblegum and kick ass… and I’m all out of bubblegum”

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18
Q

Diasyrmus

A

Ludicrous comparison
“Arguing that we can clean up government by better regulating elections is like asking a dog to quit marking his territory by lifting his hind leg”

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19
Q

Apodixis

A

Use of common knowledge
“Friends don’t let friends drive drunk”

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20
Q

Martyria

A

Use of personal knowledge/experience.
“I knew Jack Kennedy - senator, you’re no Jack Kennedy”

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21
Q

Argumentum ad Baculum

A

Use of threat
“Buy this magazine or we kill this dog”

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22
Q

Anacoenosis

A

Posing a question to show common interest with audience.
“Now tell me, given the evidence before us, could you have decided any differently.”

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23
Q

Procatalepsis

A

Raising objections before audience does, and squashing them
“Everything in this room is edible. Yes I am edible, but that, children, is called ‘cannibalism.’”

24
Q

Sententia

A

Use of quotation/well-known phrase
“The lesson we have to learn is to ‘live and let live.’”

25
Q

Distinctio

A

Precise definition
“I could but I don’t have the time. And by don’t have the time, I mean I don’t want to.

26
Q

Analogical reasoning

A

A is to B, as C is to D
“He was to the English language what the iceberg was to the titanic”

27
Q

Tapinosis

A

Understatement
“The mid-century unpleasantness between Axis and the Allies”

28
Q

Epitheton

A

Use of snappy descriptive words
“I will give the people a vision of Rome and they’ll love me for it. And they’ll soon forget the tedious sermonizing of a few dry old men”

29
Q

Diaskeue

A

Graphic description of circumstances, designed to rouse emotions
“Look at my children, their malnourished cheeks, their bare feet, their hunger to know something more than hunger…”

30
Q

Humility Topos

A

Adoption of stance of (false) modesty as means of putting audience off their guard.
“Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking…”

31
Q

Neologism

A

Coining a new word/phrase
“I’m a rageaholic! I’m addicted to rageahol!”

32
Q

Skotison

A

Deliberate obscurity/Confusing with jargon
“The powerful and bottom-line microsegment proactively boosts core competencies, paving the way for aggressive flexibilities”

33
Q

Meiosis

A

Understatement
Black Knight: ‘Tis but a scratch!
King Arthur: A scratch? Your arm’s off!
Black Knight: No, it isn’t.
King Arthur: What’s that, then?
Black Knight: [after a pause] I’ve had worse

34
Q

Synonymia

A

Emphasis through piling up words/phrases with similar meanings.
“‘E’s kicked the bucket, ‘e’s shuffled off ‘is mortal coil, run down the curtain and joined the bleedin’
choir invisible!! - THIS IS AN EX-PARROT!!”

35
Q

Climax

A

Arranging ideas in ascending order of importance
“Look! Up in the sky! It’s a bird… it’s a plane… it’s Superman!”

36
Q

Auxesis

A

Building up an idea (not unlike climax or hyperbole)
“Jeans That Can Lengthen Legs/Hug Hips & Turn Heads”

37
Q

Epanorthosis

A

Emphatic correction of what has just been said
“The psychologist known as Sigmund Fraud— Freud, I mean!”

38
Q

Dirimens Copilatio

A

Balancing one statement with a contrary, qualifying statement ( “not only… but also”)
“Remember not only to say the right thing in the right place, but far more difficult still, to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment”

39
Q

Ratiociatio

A

Statement-Question-Answer
“The economy is overheating. Why do I say this? Because inflation is rising rapidly.”

40
Q

Tricolon

A

Use of three words/phrases (can be repetition, but not necessarily)
“Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered)

41
Q

Pysma

A

Rapid-fire questioning to overwhelm opponents
“But I’m funny, how? I mean, funny like I’m a clown? I amuse you?”

42
Q

Protherapeia

A

Soothing audience before giving the bad news
“I really enjoyed reading this essay; there are some lovely points, but there are some issues we need to work on…”

43
Q

Epanalepsis

A

Using same word at beginning and end of a phrase for effect
“Badges? We don’t need no stinking badges.”

44
Q

Anadiplosis

A

Linking last word of one phrase to first word of next.
“Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering, and that way lies the dark side, young Skywalker.”

45
Q

Argumentum Ad Fortiori

A

Arguing from a stronger point to a weaker/lesser
“If you do not trust your child to safely operate a bicycle, then a fortiori, you do not trust him to operate an automobile.”

46
Q

Apophasis

A

Framing debate by discounting anything that
harms your case.
“It is not our abilities that show what we truly are… It is our choices.”

47
Q

Concessio

A

Strategic concession of one point to win a wider one/reframe argument.
“Yes, you’re right about that, and the question is how do we move on from here?”

48
Q

Ominatio

A

Warning of negative consequences in case of action/inaction.
“For more information on lung cancer, keep smoking.”

49
Q

Aetiologia

A

Evidence-based persuasion - cause and effect
“She did leave early, but it was because her manager called her and there were customers waiting.”

50
Q

Paraprosdokian

A

Tweaking a cliché for effect, or taking a sentence in an unexpected direction.
“If I could just say a few words… I’d be a better public speaker.”

51
Q

Asyndeton

A

Omitting ‘and/or’ in lists.
“We came, we saw, we kicked its ass.”

52
Q

Antithesis

A

Use of opposites for dramatic contrast
“Live Free or Die”

53
Q

Alliteration

A

“Constantly confusing, confounding the British henchmen”
“Everyone give it up for America’s favorite fighting Frenchman!”

54
Q

Oxymoron

A

Use of contradiction
“I am a deeply superficial person”

55
Q

Chiasmus

A

Crisscrossing/overlapping phrases/ideas
“All for one and one for all”

Rhetorics -- terms and words (1 decks)

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