Terms

Question 1

Atomic mass

Answer 1

of protons and neutron in nucleus

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

positive atomic particle in nucleus.

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

neutral atomic particle in the nucleus

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

negative atomic particle. exists in an electron cloud that surrounds nucleus.

Question 5

Atomic nucleus

Answer 5

The center of an atom

Question 6

Element

Answer 6

Substances that CANNOT be broken down or transformed into other substances by chemical means (excluding nuclear radiation)

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

of protons in nucleus

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Same element but w/ different number of neutrons in nucleus. ex: C-12 vs C-14

Question 9

Valence Electrons

Answer 9

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 10

Covalent Bond

Answer 10

Atoms SHARE electrons to fill out valence shell

Question 11

Nonpolar (Covalent) Bond

Answer 11

No charge difference. typically symmetrical. Electronegativity difference is <0.5 ex: O2, CH4 (methane)

Question 12

Polar (Covalent) Bond

Answer 12

one atom has a higher charge. typically asymmetrical. Electronegativity difference 2.0<x>0.5 ex: H2O</x>

Question 13

Ionic Bond

Answer 13

Ions (charged atoms) with opposite charges become attracted to each other. Electronegativity difference >2.0

Question 14

Polarity

Answer 14

how uneven the charge of a molecule is

Question 15

ion

Answer 15

same element w/ different amounts of electrons

Question 16

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 16

Form between partial negative and partial positive ends of molecules, like water, HF, or NH3. H can ONLY bond with oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine due to large electronegativity difference.

Question 17

Hydrocarbon

Answer 17

a compound made of hydrogens and carbons

Question 18

Matter

Answer 18

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 19

Chemical Bonding

Answer 19

An atom donates or exchanges electrons to fill out its shells

Question 20

Electronegativity

Answer 20

ability for an atom to hold onto electrons from another atom (how GREEDY an atom is)

Question 21

chemical equilibrium

Answer 21

the steady state of a reaction. think about the titration labs in AP CHEM

Question 22

octet rule

Answer 22

with the exception of the first shell, most atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in each shell

Question 23

inert (noble) gases

Answer 23

column 18. nonreactive and very stable as all shells are filled out

Question 24

cation

Answer 24

positive ions that form by losing electrons

Question 25

anion

Answer 25

negative ions that form by gaining electrons

Question 26

Electrolytes

Answer 26

Ions necessary for nerve impulse condition, muscle contractions, and water balance. (ex: sodium, potassium, calcium. sports drinks and liquid i.v.)