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US Govt. Terms > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Politics

A

Who gets what, when, and how; a process of determining how power and resources are distributed in a society without recourse to violence

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2
Q

Norms

A

Informal, unwritten expectations that guide behavior and support formal rule systems; often most noticeable when broken

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3
Q

Laissez-faire Capitalism

A

An economic system in which the market makes all the decisions and the government plays no role

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4
Q

Regulated Capitalism

A

A market system in which the government intervenes to protect rights

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5
Q

Institutions

A

Organizations in which government power is excerised

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6
Q

Procedural Guarantees

A

Government assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes

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7
Q

Substantive Guarantees

A

Government assurance of particular outcomes or results

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8
Q

Political Narrative

A

A persuasive story about the nature of power, who should have it, and how it should be used

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9
Q

Government

A

A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

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10
Q

Gatekeepers

A

Journalists and the media elite who determine which news stories are covered and which are not

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11
Q

Socialist Economy

A

An economic system in which the state determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is government owned

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12
Q

Authority

A

Power that is recognized as legitimate, or right

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13
Q

Economics

A

Production and distribution of society’s material resources and services

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14
Q

Capitalist Economy

A

An economy system in which the market determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is privately owned

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15
Q

Deomcracy

A

Government that vests power in the people

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16
Q

Citizen

A

Members of political communities with both rights and responsibilities

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17
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life

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18
Q

Classical Liberalism

A

A political ideology dating from the seventeenth century emphasizing individual rights over the power of the state

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19
Q

Social Contract

A

The notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protections of others

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20
Q

Public Interested Citizen

A

A view of citizenship focused on action to realize the common good

21
Q

Self Interested Citizen

A

A view of citizenship focused on action to realize an individual citizen’s interests

22
Q

Information Bubble

A

A closed cycle, sometimes self-created, in which all the information we get reinforces the information we already have, solidifying our beliefs without reference to outside reality checks

23
Q

Slavery

A

The ownership, for forced labor, of one people by another

24
Q

Racism

A

Institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences

25
Q

French and Indian War

A

A war fought between France and England, and allied Native Americans, from 1754 to 1763; resulted in France’s expulsion from the new world

26
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

The concept that the citizens are the ultimate source of political power

27
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

The political document that dissolved the colonial ties between the United States and Britain

28
Q

Constitution

A

The rules that establish a government

29
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

A grassroot’s uprising (1787) by armed Massachusetts farmers protesting forclosures

30
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

The first constitution of the United States (1777) creating an association of states with weak central government

31
Q

Anti-federalists

A

Advocates of states’ rights who opposed the constitution

32
Q

Federalists

A

Supporters of the constitution who favored a strong central government

33
Q

Virginia Plan

A

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that congressional representation be based on population, thus favoring the large states

34
Q

Federalism

A

A political system in which power is divided between the central and regional units

35
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that congressional representation be equal, thus favoring the small staes

36
Q

Great Compromise

A

The constitutional solution to congressional representation: equal votes in the Senate, votes by population in the house

37
Q

Immigrants

A

Citizens or subjects of one country who move to another country to live or work

38
Q

Refugees

A

Individuals who flee an area or a country because of persecution on the basis of race, nationality, religion, group membership, or political opinion

39
Q

Asylum

A

Protection or sanctuary, especially from political persecution

40
Q

Nativism

A

The belief that the needs of citizens ought to be met before immigrants

41
Q

Values

A

The central ideas, principles, or standards that most people agree are important

42
Q

Ideologies

A

Sets of beliefs about politics and society that help people make sense of their world

43
Q

Economic Conservatives

A

Those who favor a strictly procedural government role in the economy and the social order

44
Q

Social Conservatives

A

Those who endorse limited government control of the economy but considerable government intervention to realize a traditional social order; based on religious values and hierarchy rather than equality

45
Q

Economic Liberals

A

Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order

46
Q

Social Liberals

A

Those who favor greater control of the economy and social order to bring about greater equality and to regulate the effects of progress

47
Q

Political Correctness

A

The idea that language shapes behavior and therefor should be regulated to control its social effects

48
Q

Three-fifths Compromise

A

The formula for counting five enslaved people as three people for the purposes of representation, which reconciled northern and southern factions of the Constitutional Convenetion

US Govt. Terms (1 decks)

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