Terms

Question 1

The smallest unit of matter that still retains its original properties

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

Two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond

Answer 2

Molecule

Question 3

A molecule composed of two or more atoms of different elements

Answer 3

Compound

Question 4

An element that has the same atomic number as another element but a different mass number

Answer 4

Isotope

Question 5

Interaction between atoms or molecules in which chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged, or electrons are transferred between molecules

Answer 5

Chemical reaction

Question 6

An energy relationship between atoms or ions caused by the sharing or transfer of valence electrons

Answer 6

Chemical bond

Question 7

A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons and resulting attraction between positive metal cation and negative nonmetal anion

Answer 7

Ionic bond

Question 8

Chemical bonding resulting from sharing of electrons between two nonmetals or a nonmetal hydrogen

Answer 8

Covalent bond

Question 9

Weak attractions between partially positive hydrogen atoms of one compound or functional group and partially negative atoms of another compound or functional group

Answer 9

Hydrogen bond

Question 10

A charged particle that has lost or gained one or more electrons

Answer 10

Ion

Question 11

A negative ion with more electrons than protons

Answer 11

Anion

Question 12

A positive ion with more protons than electrons

Answer 12

Cation

Question 13

Cations and anions that result when ionic compounds are placed in a solution: these ions will conduct an electric current

Answer 13

Electrolyte

Question 14

When a hydrogen atom loses an electron

Answer 14

Hydrogen ion

Question 15

An OH- ion.

Answer 15

Hydroxide ion

Question 16

A positively charged subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus

Answer 16

Proton

Question 17

A subatomic particle with no charge that resides in the atomic nucleus

Answer 17

Neutron

Question 18

A negatively charged subatomic particle located in electron shells around the atomic nucleus

Answer 18

Electron

Question 19

The sum of the body’s chemical reactions

Answer 19

Metabolism

Question 20

The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units

Answer 20

Anabolism

Question 21

The breakdown of complex molecules

Answer 21

Catabolism

Question 22

A biological catalyst that speeds up a specific chemical reaction

Answer 22

Enzyme

Question 23

A molecule which can facilitate a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed

Answer 23

Catalyst

Question 24

The surface on which an organism lives or the substance on which an enzyme can act

Answer 24

Substrate

Question 25

The final product of after a series of reactions with enzymes in a biochemical metabolic pathway has taken place

Answer 25

End products

Question 26

Simple molecule composed of two small, positively charged hydrogen atoms and one large negatively charged oxygen atom

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

The component present in a solution in higher amounts; generally a liquid that dissolves a solute

Answer 27

Solvent

Question 28

A mixture in which the substances are in the same phase and the particles will not settle out when left undisturbed

Answer 28

Solution

Question 29

Not consisting of or deriving from living matter

Answer 29

Inorganic

Question 30

A compound that releases one or more hydrogen ions when placed in water; has a pH less than <7.0

Answer 30

Acid

Question 31

A compound that accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid; has a pH greater than >7.0

Answer 31

Base

Question 32

An inorganic compound consisting of a nonmetal anion and a metal cation joined by an ionic bond

Answer 32

Salt

Question 33

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions present in a solution

Answer 33

pH

Question 34

Chemical that resists large swings in the pH of a solution

Answer 34

Buffer

Question 35

An organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, often in the ratio of 1:2:1

Answer 35

Carbohydrate

Question 36

A carbohydrate monomer

Answer 36

Monosaccharide

Question 37

The monosaccharide used as the primary fuel by most cells in the body

Answer 37

Glucose

Question 38

A polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose in animals

Answer 38

Glycogen

Question 39

A complex polysaccharide made up of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds

Answer 39

Starch

Question 40

An organic compound consisting of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific structure

Answer 40

Protein

Question 41

A monometer consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms

Answer 41

Amino acid

Question 42

A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of a second amino acid

Answer 42

Peptide bond

Question 43

An organic compound derived from two amino acids

Answer 43

Dipeptide

Question 44

A nonpolar organic compound that contains primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms; examples include fats and oils

Answer 44

Lipid

Question 45

Adenosine triphosphate/ adenosine diphosphate

Answer 45

ATP/ADP

Question 46

A type of passive transport in which solutes move with their concentration gradients from an area of high solute concentration to one of low solute concentration

Answer 46

Diffusion

Question 47

A type of passive transport in which solvent, usually water, moves through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration

Answer 47

Osmosis

Question 48

Cellular eating; a type od endocytosis that involves the ingestion of large particles

Answer 48

Phagocytosis

Question 49

A type of a vesicular transport in which substances are released from the cell via the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane.

Answer 49

Exocytosis

Question 50

The selectively permeable barrier surrounding a cell that is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids and other components such s proteins and cholesterol.

Answer 50

Plasma membrane