Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 201 > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The smallest unit of matter that still retains its original properties

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond

A

Molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A molecule composed of two or more atoms of different elements

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An element that has the same atomic number as another element but a different mass number

A

Isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interaction between atoms or molecules in which chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged, or electrons are transferred between molecules

A

Chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An energy relationship between atoms or ions caused by the sharing or transfer of valence electrons

A

Chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons and resulting attraction between positive metal cation and negative nonmetal anion

A

Ionic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical bonding resulting from sharing of electrons between two nonmetals or a nonmetal hydrogen

A

Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Weak attractions between partially positive hydrogen atoms of one compound or functional group and partially negative atoms of another compound or functional group

A

Hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A charged particle that has lost or gained one or more electrons

A

Ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A negative ion with more electrons than protons

A

Anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A positive ion with more protons than electrons

A

Cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cations and anions that result when ionic compounds are placed in a solution: these ions will conduct an electric current

A

Electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When a hydrogen atom loses an electron

A

Hydrogen ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An OH- ion.

A

Hydroxide ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A positively charged subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus

A

Proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A subatomic particle with no charge that resides in the atomic nucleus

A

Neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A negatively charged subatomic particle located in electron shells around the atomic nucleus

A

Electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The sum of the body’s chemical reactions

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units

A

Anabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The breakdown of complex molecules

A

Catabolism

22
Q

A biological catalyst that speeds up a specific chemical reaction

A

Enzyme

23
Q

A molecule which can facilitate a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed

A

Catalyst

24
Q

The surface on which an organism lives or the substance on which an enzyme can act

A

Substrate

25
Q

The final product of after a series of reactions with enzymes in a biochemical metabolic pathway has taken place

A

End products

26
Q

Simple molecule composed of two small, positively charged hydrogen atoms and one large negatively charged oxygen atom

A

Water

27
Q

The component present in a solution in higher amounts; generally a liquid that dissolves a solute

A

Solvent

28
Q

A mixture in which the substances are in the same phase and the particles will not settle out when left undisturbed

A

Solution

29
Q

Not consisting of or deriving from living matter

A

Inorganic

30
Q

A compound that releases one or more hydrogen ions when placed in water; has a pH less than <7.0

A

Acid

31
Q

A compound that accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid; has a pH greater than >7.0

A

Base

32
Q

An inorganic compound consisting of a nonmetal anion and a metal cation joined by an ionic bond

A

Salt

33
Q

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions present in a solution

A

pH

34
Q

Chemical that resists large swings in the pH of a solution

A

Buffer

35
Q

An organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, often in the ratio of 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrate

36
Q

A carbohydrate monomer

A

Monosaccharide

37
Q

The monosaccharide used as the primary fuel by most cells in the body

A

Glucose

38
Q

A polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose in animals

A

Glycogen

39
Q

A complex polysaccharide made up of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds

A

Starch

40
Q

An organic compound consisting of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific structure

A

Protein

41
Q

A monometer consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms

A

Amino acid

42
Q

A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of a second amino acid

A

Peptide bond

43
Q

An organic compound derived from two amino acids

A

Dipeptide

44
Q

A nonpolar organic compound that contains primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms; examples include fats and oils

A

Lipid

45
Q

Adenosine triphosphate/ adenosine diphosphate

A

ATP/ADP

46
Q

A type of passive transport in which solutes move with their concentration gradients from an area of high solute concentration to one of low solute concentration

A

Diffusion

47
Q

A type of passive transport in which solvent, usually water, moves through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration

A

Osmosis

48
Q

Cellular eating; a type od endocytosis that involves the ingestion of large particles

A

Phagocytosis

49
Q

A type of a vesicular transport in which substances are released from the cell via the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane.

A

Exocytosis

50
Q

The selectively permeable barrier surrounding a cell that is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids and other components such s proteins and cholesterol.

A

Plasma membrane

Biology 201 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions