Terms Flashcards
Gravitational potential energy:
Energy that an object has due to its height above the ground
Chemical potential energy:
Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a given substance
Elastic energy:
Energy that is stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, and similar objects
Kinetic energy:
The energy an object possesses by being in motion
Definition of Physics:
the study of forces, energy, and motion
Observational Studies:
Experiments in which systems are observed as they appear in nature, and researchers do not attempt to change them
Field studies:
Observational studies done outside a laboratory setting
Laboratory studies:
Experiments that take place in a highly controlled, artificial setting
Direct porportionality
A mathematical relationship between two variables whose ratio remains constant as their numerical values change
Inverse proportionality
A mathematical relationship between variables in which an increase in the value of one causes a decrease in the value of the other
no correlation
a lack of relationship between variables on a graph; a change in one value does not affect the other
proportionality constant
a parameter that quantifies the relative changes in variables that are directly or inversely proportional
origin of the plot
the point on a graph where the value of both x and y axis are zero
scatterplot
a type of graph comparing two variables as data points in Cartesian, x-y coordinates
molar mass
a derived unit specifying the number of grams of a substance per mole of that substance
molar units
the number of moles of a particular particle or molecule in one liter of another substance
velocity
an objects speed AND direction
acceleration
rate at which the velocity of an object changes with respect to time
force
a push or a pull
balanced forces
forces that combine to produce a net force of zero
zero net force
there is no net force and therefore no acceleration
non-zero net force
there is a net force, so acceleration is possible
Newtons First Law of Motion
the net force on an object is the cause of its acceleration
Newtons Third Law of Motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
linear momentum
the mass of an object times its velocity
law of conservation of momentum
a scientific law that states that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide
Scientific definition of work
energy that is being used or converted; results in the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force
law of conservation of energy
the law explaining that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another
Oscillation
a repetitive motion that usually occurs about a center point
electromagnetic wave
a combination of an oscillating electric field and an oscillating magnetic field; electromagnetic waves can travel through both the vacuum of space and a medium
equilibrium
a position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns after a disturbance is gone
mechanical waves
waves that can travel only through matter and require a medium to transport their energy
vacuum
a space in which there is no matter
transverse wave
a wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling
longitudinal wave
a wave where the oscillation is parallel to the direction the wave is traveling
equilibrium position
the center point of a wave where no movement is occurring
crest
the highest point of a transverse wave
amplitude
vertical distance from the equilibrium to the crest or the equilibrium to the trough of a transverse wave
wavelength
the horizontal distance after which the wave repeats itself in space
period
an interval in time after which the motion of a particle on the medium starts to repeat
frequency
the number of oscillations the wave makes in a given amount of time, typically a second
trough
the lowest point of a transverse wav
compression
when particles of matter are pushed closer together
expansion
when particles of matter are pulled away from each other
pitch
how high or low a sound is; the pitch of a sound depends on the frequency of the sound waves
True or false: nonmetals gain or share electrons
True
How is an ionic bond formed?
Between metal and non metal elements, and the valence electrons are transferred from one atom to the other.
Igneous rock forms from:
Magma
What is a transform plate boundary?
An area where two tectonic plates slide past one another
In what plate area does magma well up?
Between plates that are pulling apart (divergent)
What is the inner core of earth composed of? (Above hell obv)
Solid metals
What is the outer core of earth formed of?
Liquid Metal, mostly iron
What is deposition?
Addition of rock pieces to a surface
What is weathering?
A breakdown of materials
What is erosion?
A carrying away of materials from a surface
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
From deep in the earth under pressure and heat
