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Integrated Physical Sciences > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Gravitational potential energy:

A

Energy that an object has due to its height above the ground

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2
Q

Chemical potential energy:

A

Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a given substance

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3
Q

Elastic energy:

A

Energy that is stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, and similar objects

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4
Q

Kinetic energy:

A

The energy an object possesses by being in motion

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5
Q

Definition of Physics:

A

the study of forces, energy, and motion

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6
Q

Observational Studies:

A

Experiments in which systems are observed as they appear in nature, and researchers do not attempt to change them

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7
Q

Field studies:

A

Observational studies done outside a laboratory setting

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8
Q

Laboratory studies:

A

Experiments that take place in a highly controlled, artificial setting

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9
Q

Direct porportionality

A

A mathematical relationship between two variables whose ratio remains constant as their numerical values change

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10
Q

Inverse proportionality

A

A mathematical relationship between variables in which an increase in the value of one causes a decrease in the value of the other

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11
Q

no correlation

A

a lack of relationship between variables on a graph; a change in one value does not affect the other

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12
Q

proportionality constant

A

a parameter that quantifies the relative changes in variables that are directly or inversely proportional

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13
Q

origin of the plot

A

the point on a graph where the value of both x and y axis are zero

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14
Q

scatterplot

A

a type of graph comparing two variables as data points in Cartesian, x-y coordinates

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15
Q

molar mass

A

a derived unit specifying the number of grams of a substance per mole of that substance

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16
Q

molar units

A

the number of moles of a particular particle or molecule in one liter of another substance

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17
Q

velocity

A

an objects speed AND direction

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18
Q

acceleration

A

rate at which the velocity of an object changes with respect to time

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19
Q

force

A

a push or a pull

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20
Q

balanced forces

A

forces that combine to produce a net force of zero

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21
Q

zero net force

A

there is no net force and therefore no acceleration

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22
Q

non-zero net force

A

there is a net force, so acceleration is possible

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23
Q

Newtons First Law of Motion

A

the net force on an object is the cause of its acceleration

24
Q

Newtons Third Law of Motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

25
Q

linear momentum

A

the mass of an object times its velocity

26
Q

law of conservation of momentum

A

a scientific law that states that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide

27
Q

Scientific definition of work

A

energy that is being used or converted; results in the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force

28
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

the law explaining that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another

29
Q

Oscillation

A

a repetitive motion that usually occurs about a center point

30
Q

electromagnetic wave

A

a combination of an oscillating electric field and an oscillating magnetic field; electromagnetic waves can travel through both the vacuum of space and a medium

31
Q

equilibrium

A

a position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns after a disturbance is gone

32
Q

mechanical waves

A

waves that can travel only through matter and require a medium to transport their energy

33
Q

vacuum

A

a space in which there is no matter

34
Q

transverse wave

A

a wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling

35
Q

longitudinal wave

A

a wave where the oscillation is parallel to the direction the wave is traveling

36
Q

equilibrium position

A

the center point of a wave where no movement is occurring

37
Q

crest

A

the highest point of a transverse wave

38
Q

amplitude

A

vertical distance from the equilibrium to the crest or the equilibrium to the trough of a transverse wave

39
Q

wavelength

A

the horizontal distance after which the wave repeats itself in space

40
Q

period

A

an interval in time after which the motion of a particle on the medium starts to repeat

41
Q

frequency

A

the number of oscillations the wave makes in a given amount of time, typically a second

42
Q

trough

A

the lowest point of a transverse wav

43
Q

compression

A

when particles of matter are pushed closer together

44
Q

expansion

A

when particles of matter are pulled away from each other

45
Q

pitch

A

how high or low a sound is; the pitch of a sound depends on the frequency of the sound waves

46
Q

True or false: nonmetals gain or share electrons

A

True

47
Q

How is an ionic bond formed?

A

Between metal and non metal elements, and the valence electrons are transferred from one atom to the other.

48
Q

Igneous rock forms from:

A

Magma

49
Q

What is a transform plate boundary?

A

An area where two tectonic plates slide past one another

50
Q

In what plate area does magma well up?

A

Between plates that are pulling apart (divergent)

51
Q

What is the inner core of earth composed of? (Above hell obv)

A

Solid metals

52
Q

What is the outer core of earth formed of?

A

Liquid Metal, mostly iron

53
Q

What is deposition?

A

Addition of rock pieces to a surface

54
Q

What is weathering?

A

A breakdown of materials

55
Q

What is erosion?

A

A carrying away of materials from a surface

56
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

From deep in the earth under pressure and heat

Integrated Physical Sciences (1 decks)

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