Terms

Question 1

Stab-in-the-back myth

Answer 1

The stab-in-the-back myth was an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was widely believed and promulgated in Germany after 1918.

Question 2

November Criminals

Answer 2

Advocates of the myth denounced the German government leaders who had signed the Armistice of 11 November 1918 as the “November criminals” (November­verbrecher).

Question 3

The Armistice of 11 November 1918

Answer 3

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice signed at Le Francport near Compiègne that ended fighting on land, sea, and air in World War I between the Entente and their last remaining opponent, Germany.

Question 4

Spartacist Uprising

Answer 4

The Spartacist uprising was an armed uprising that took place in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919. It occurred in connection with the November Revolution that broke out following Germany’s defeat in World War I.

Question 5

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 5

An international agreement signed in 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris that concluded World War I.

It was negotiated by the U.S., Britain, and France, without participation by the war’s losers. The treaty imposed harsh penalties on Germany and other Central Powers, such as disarmament, loss of territory, reparation payments, and acceptance of blame for Allied losses

Question 6

What is LAMB?

Answer 6

Land(France took Alsace and Lorraine, and Rhineland got demilitarised)

Army (limited to 100,000 soldiers; the Navy was limited to only 15,000 sailors, 6 battleships, and 0 submarines)

Money (6.6 billion pounds in annual installments),

Blame (guilt for starting the war, Article 231 in the Treaty of Versailles)

Question 7

Hyperinflation

Answer 7

a situation in which prices rise very fast, causing damage to a country’s economy

Question 8

Locarno Pact

Answer 8

Germany agreed her new border with France.

Question 9

Dawes Plan

Answer 9

Dawes plan noun a plan to ensure payments of reparations by Germany after World War I, devised by an international committee headed by Charles Gates Dawes and put into effect in 1924.

Question 10

Locarno Pact

Answer 10

A series of agreements made in Locarno in 1925. The Pact guaranteed the common borders of France, Germany, and Belgium and the demilitarization of the Rhineland, as specified by the Treaty of Versailles.

Question 11

League of Nations

Answer 11

An association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and achieve international peace and security. It was powerless to stop Italian, German, and Japanese expansionism leading to World War II and was replaced by the United Nations in 1945.

Question 12

Kellogg-Brained Pact

Answer 12

A 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve “disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them”.

Question 13

Young Plan

Answer 13

The young Plan reduces reparations and gives Germany longer to pay the fee for the war.

Question 14

Wall Street Crash

Answer 14

Also known as Black Tuesday, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929, which caused the Great Depression in Germany.

Question 15

The 25 Point Programme

Answer 15

Outlined Nazi Party’s aim to get rid of Treaty of Versailles and increase pensions, but also stop Jews from being citizens of Germany.

Question 16

SA (Sturmabteilung, or stormtroopers)

Answer 16

The original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s. It was controlled by Rohm.

Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposing parties, fighting against the paramilitary units of the opposing parties, and intimidating Romani, trade unionists, and especially Jews.

Question 17

Munich Putsch

Answer 17

(The Beer Hall Putsch) A failed coup d’état by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff, and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic.

Question 18

NSDAP

Answer 18

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers’ Party

Question 19

Mein Kampf

Answer 19

A book wrote by HItler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

Question 20

Reichstag

Answer 20

One of the two houses of parliament (the most powerful)

Question 21

Article 48

Answer 21

Part of the Weimar Constitution which allows the President to rule by decree (Make decision alone) if they need to in an emergency.

Question 22

SS (Schutzstaffel, or “Protection Squad”)

Answer 22

A major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

Question 23

Banburg Conference

Answer 23

The Bamberg Conference included some sixty members of the leadership of the Nazi Party and was specially convened by Adolf Hitler in Bamberg, in Upper Franconia, Germany on Sunday 14 February 1926 during the “wilderness years” of the party.

Question 24

Police State

Answer 24

A country where the government uses the police to control its people.

Question 25

Totalitarian State

Answer 25

A country where the government controlled all aspects of the country.

Question 26

SD (Sicherheitsdienst, )

Answer 26

Security Service, established in 1931, was the first Nazi intelligence organization. It was administered as an independent SS office between 1933 and 1939.

They were uniformed and spied on all known opponents and critics of the Nazi Party and government.

Question 27

Gestapo

Answer 27

The official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. They did not wear a uniform and relied mainly on people giving them information about anyone criticising the Nazis.

Question 28

Enabling Act of 1933

Answer 28

A law that gave the German Cabinet – most importantly, the Chancellor – the powers to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or Weimar President (Hindenburg), leading to the rise of Nazi Germany. Critically, the Enabling Act allowed the Chancellor to bypass the system of checks and balances in the government.

Question 29

Night of the Long Knives

Answer 29

A purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of illegal murder towards the 100 SA leaders, intended to consolidate his power and alleviate the concerns of the German military about the role of Ernst Röhm and the Sturmabteilung (SA). Because Rohm wanted to take power.

Question 30

Führer

Answer 30

A German word meaning “leader” or “guide”. Adolf Hitler, who officially styled himself der Führer und Reichskanzler (the Führer and Chancellor of the Reich) after the death of President Hindenburg and the subsequent merger of the offices of Reichspräsident and Reichskanzler.