Terms Flashcards
Stab-in-the-back myth
The stab-in-the-back myth was an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was widely believed and promulgated in Germany after 1918.
November Criminals
Advocates of the myth denounced the German government leaders who had signed the Armistice of 11 November 1918 as the “November criminals” (Novemberverbrecher).
The Armistice of 11 November 1918
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice signed at Le Francport near Compiègne that ended fighting on land, sea, and air in World War I between the Entente and their last remaining opponent, Germany.
Spartacist Uprising
The Spartacist uprising was an armed uprising that took place in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919. It occurred in connection with the November Revolution that broke out following Germany’s defeat in World War I.
Treaty of Versailles
An international agreement signed in 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris that concluded World War I.
It was negotiated by the U.S., Britain, and France, without participation by the war’s losers. The treaty imposed harsh penalties on Germany and other Central Powers, such as disarmament, loss of territory, reparation payments, and acceptance of blame for Allied losses
What is LAMB?
Land(France took Alsace and Lorraine, and Rhineland got demilitarised)
Army (limited to 100,000 soldiers; the Navy was limited to only 15,000 sailors, 6 battleships, and 0 submarines)
Money (6.6 billion pounds in annual installments),
Blame (guilt for starting the war, Article 231 in the Treaty of Versailles)
Hyperinflation
a situation in which prices rise very fast, causing damage to a country’s economy
Locarno Pact
Germany agreed her new border with France.
Dawes Plan
Dawes plan noun a plan to ensure payments of reparations by Germany after World War I, devised by an international committee headed by Charles Gates Dawes and put into effect in 1924.
Locarno Pact
A series of agreements made in Locarno in 1925. The Pact guaranteed the common borders of France, Germany, and Belgium and the demilitarization of the Rhineland, as specified by the Treaty of Versailles.
League of Nations
An association of countries established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to promote international cooperation and achieve international peace and security. It was powerless to stop Italian, German, and Japanese expansionism leading to World War II and was replaced by the United Nations in 1945.
Kellogg-Brained Pact
A 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve “disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them”.
Young Plan
The young Plan reduces reparations and gives Germany longer to pay the fee for the war.
Wall Street Crash
Also known as Black Tuesday, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929, which caused the Great Depression in Germany.
The 25 Point Programme
Outlined Nazi Party’s aim to get rid of Treaty of Versailles and increase pensions, but also stop Jews from being citizens of Germany.
SA (Sturmabteilung, or stormtroopers)
The original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s. It was controlled by Rohm.
Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposing parties, fighting against the paramilitary units of the opposing parties, and intimidating Romani, trade unionists, and especially Jews.
Munich Putsch
(The Beer Hall Putsch) A failed coup d’état by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff, and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic.
NSDAP
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Mein Kampf
A book wrote by HItler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
Reichstag
One of the two houses of parliament (the most powerful)
Article 48
Part of the Weimar Constitution which allows the President to rule by decree (Make decision alone) if they need to in an emergency.
SS (Schutzstaffel, or “Protection Squad”)
A major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.
Banburg Conference
The Bamberg Conference included some sixty members of the leadership of the Nazi Party and was specially convened by Adolf Hitler in Bamberg, in Upper Franconia, Germany on Sunday 14 February 1926 during the “wilderness years” of the party.
Police State
A country where the government uses the police to control its people.
Totalitarian State
A country where the government controlled all aspects of the country.
SD (Sicherheitsdienst, )
Security Service, established in 1931, was the first Nazi intelligence organization. It was administered as an independent SS office between 1933 and 1939.
They were uniformed and spied on all known opponents and critics of the Nazi Party and government.
Gestapo
The official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. They did not wear a uniform and relied mainly on people giving them information about anyone criticising the Nazis.
Enabling Act of 1933
A law that gave the German Cabinet – most importantly, the Chancellor – the powers to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or Weimar President (Hindenburg), leading to the rise of Nazi Germany. Critically, the Enabling Act allowed the Chancellor to bypass the system of checks and balances in the government.
Night of the Long Knives
A purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of illegal murder towards the 100 SA leaders, intended to consolidate his power and alleviate the concerns of the German military about the role of Ernst Röhm and the Sturmabteilung (SA). Because Rohm wanted to take power.
Führer
A German word meaning “leader” or “guide”. Adolf Hitler, who officially styled himself der Führer und Reichskanzler (the Führer and Chancellor of the Reich) after the death of President Hindenburg and the subsequent merger of the offices of Reichspräsident and Reichskanzler.
