Terms

Question 1

Enlightenment Age

Answer 1

(Age of Reason)
18th Century - focus on empirical thinking.

Question 2

Galant Style

Answer 2

Galant means - easily digested, light and pleasing, ect. Music in this style is simple but enjoyable.
Is applied in graceful melodies and simple accompaniment; lack of counterpoint.
Symmetrical phrases
Repitition of phrases.

Question 3

Binary Form

Answer 3

Has two sections: A and B.

Question 4

Ternary Form

Answer 4

Three section: ABA(‘). Musical Sandwich!

Question 5

Sonata Form

Answer 5

A form of music built off of binary and ternary form, made up of three sections: Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation.

Question 6

Exposition

Answer 6

The first section of sonata form: Has two themes, the first in the tonic (or minor) and second in the dominant (or relative major). Between the two themes there is a transition.

Question 7

Development

Answer 7

The second section of sonata form:
Develop both of the themes in various ways, as well as moving through different keys and finishing at the tonic.

Question 8

Recapitulation

Answer 8

Third section of sonata form:
The first and second themes repeat,
but the second theme is now in the tonic.

Question 9

Acciaccatura

Question 10

Intermezzo

Answer 10

A short comic opera that paved the way for longer comic operas, often performed between acts of opera seria.

Question 11

Jean Phillippe Rameau

Answer 11

1683-1764
Most important French composer after Couperin

Question 12

War of the Buffoons

Answer 12

A series of published articles arguing for italian or french opera, that was secretly a way to debate politics.

Question 13

Opera-comique

Answer 13

Opera with lighter singing style and spoken dialogue

Question 14

Reform Opera

Answer 14

Opera that combined the best parts of italian and french opera; a movement to improve and standardize opera.

Question 15

Ranieri Calzabigi

Answer 15

Librettist for reform opera

Question 16

Gasparo Angiolni

Answer 16

Choreographer behind reform ballet

Question 17

Francesco Algarotti

Answer 17

Important for the thought behind reform opera; wrote an essay on opera

Question 18

Gaetano Guadagni

Answer 18

A singer involved in reform opera that worked with David Garrik, an actual actor, to act realistically while singing.

Question 19

Reform Ballet

Answer 19

the reformed style of ballet started by Gluck and Gasparo Angiolini in around
1760 that use dancing and pantomime to tell a story, rather than unrelated dances for
showmanship and athletic ability). The first reformed ballet was “Don Juan” in 1761

Question 20

Sturm Und Drang

Answer 20

a style of music that was a fad in the 1760-70s that was known for its dark,
wild, and stormy sound. Often characterized by a minor key, wild 16th note scales, fast
repeated notes and unisons, and diminished harmonies

Question 21

Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard

Answer 21

A treatise by CPE Bach about playing the keyboard. It contains instructions on how to play key signatures, fingerings, figured bass, ornamentation, accompanying, improvisations, ect. Contained standards for keyboardists - should be able to sight-read, transpose, and read figured bass on the spot.

Question 22

Clavichord

Answer 22

A keyboard instrument that has vibrato because of the direct close contact the hammer has with the keys and strings. Has a very soft dynamic.

Question 23

empfindsamer Stil

Answer 23

First word means Sensitivity or sensibility - being expressive or empathetic.
Phrase means sensitive style.
Grew out of the galant style into being very transparent with emotions. Goal to move audience.

Question 24

Bach-Abel concerts

Answer 24

A concert series - which wasn’t common at the time.

Question 25

Elector Carl Theodore

Answer 25

A man in a very high position of political power that loved music.

Question 26

Army of Generals

Answer 26

Charles Burney?

Question 27

Mannheim Crescendo

Answer 27

Consists of a pedal point underneath a repeating figure as we crescendo.

Question 28

Esterhazy Family

Answer 28

Haydn’s employers

Question 29

Nikolaus Esterhauzy

Answer 29

a member of the Esterhazy family who was a musical fanatic. Haydn
worked mostly for him.

Question 30

Programmatic

Answer 30

purely instrumental music that tells a story or paints a specific scene or is
inspired by a specific story

Question 31

concertante style

Answer 31

various parts are featured throughout different parts of a symphony, almost
like a concerto

Question 32

ars combinatoria

Answer 32

When all motives are combined together in a piece. (such as mozart’s symphony no 41, where the 5 themes are combined in the coda.)

Question 33

double exposition

Answer 33

in a concerto, when the exposition is played twice, first with the themes
introduced by the orchestra in the tonic key, then repeated by the soloist, who moves to the dominant key.

Question 34

cadenza

Answer 34

A chance for the soloist to show off at the end of the first movement in a concerto; its rhythmically free, virtuosic, and expressive.

Question 35

Opera Seira

Answer 35

Serious opera in italian

Question 36

Opera Buffa

Answer 36

Comic opera in italian
had more ensemble numbers
act-ending finales

Question 37

Singspiel

Answer 37

German Opera - with spoken dialogue.

Question 38

pants role

Answer 38

also called a trouser role; a role of a man played by a women in an opera. Could
either be to replace a castrato role or to fill the role of a young boy whose voice has not yet changed

Question 39

Beaumarchais

Answer 39

a French playwright who wrote a trilogy of plays about the character, Figaro,
based on which any operas were developed

Question 40

Lorenzo de Ponte

Answer 40

Mozart’s librettist for the Marriage of Figaro. He divided the text of the
play into sections to be made into arias, recits, etc.

Question 41

Johann Peter Salomon

Answer 41

German violinist who was an impresario (put on concerts). The guy who invited Haydn to London.

Question 42

Baron von Swieten

Answer 42

Court Librarian in Vienna; in charge of music.
Was interested in Baroque music; knew CPE Bach and loved Bach and Handel’s music.
Organized baroque performances of this music.