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Biology of Addiction > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is tetrahydrocannabinol?

A

~ THC
The main psychoactive component in cannabis
Traces remain in body for a long time
Long elimination 1/2 life
Activates the cannabinoid receptor
High THC:CBD cannabis sativa
High CBD:THC cannabis indica
Dopamine release

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2
Q

What is cannabidiol?

A

~CBD
Comes from hemp
Medicinal effects, no high
Effective in tx for epilepsy and anxiety

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

~What the body does to the drug

Absorption: route in which the drug enters the body
Drugs that reach the brain quicker are more addictive

Routes of Administration:
Oral
Mucous
Ingestion
Inhalation
Skin

Distribution: Drugs that affect the mood cross the blood/brain/barrier
Therapeutic effect intended

Eliminator: Method and rate in which a substance leaves the body
Drugs are metabolized then excreted through urine, sweat, spit, liver, kidneys, milk, feces

Distribution 1/2 Life: Time for drug to reach 50% of peak

Elimination 1/2 Life: Time for drug to fall to 50% of peak

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4
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

~What the drug does to the body
Drug affects the synapses in different ways
*Agonists bind to active sites (protagonist in a story)
*Indirect agonist DOESN’T bind, increases activity
*Antagonist binds to receptors WITHOUT activating
*Inverse agonist binds and causes the opposite of an agonist

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5
Q

Parts of the Brain
1. Reward

A
  1. Reward Circuitry (bottom middle)
    Nucleus accumbens (left)
    Deals with cognitive processing of motivation, pleasure, and reward

Ventral tegmental area (right)
Origin of cell in reward system

Important in orgasm

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6
Q

Parts of the Brain
2. Memory

A
  1. Memory circuitry (bottom)
    Amygdala (almond shaped)
    Processing of memory, decision making, and emotions; conditioning

Hippocampus (long part)
Encodes new episodic memories
Long-term cells are paired

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7
Q

Parts of the Brain
3. Motivation, Drive, Salience

A

Orbital-Frontal Cortex (front)
Motivation, drive, decisions, compilations
Interprets affective properties
Signals expected rewards/punishments

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8
Q

Parts of the Brain
4. Cognitive Control

A

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (top)
Cognitive control, inhibition, thinking, delaying gratification
STOP!!!

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9
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter involved in helping us feel pleasure
Part of the reward system of the brain
Involved in reinforcement and can lead to addiction to coke and heroin

Produced in a two step process
Tyrosine&raquo_space;»>converted into L-dopa
L-dopa»»»>enzymes into dopamine

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10
Q

Entactogen

A

Pharmacodynamics of MDMA (Ecstasy)
“To touch within”
Promotes an open-hearted state
Causes a release in dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Produces experience of oneness

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11
Q

BAC

A

Blood Alcohol Concentration
20% of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach
80% in the small intestine
Alcohol enters the blood and dissolves in the water of the blood
Goes through the body
Alcohol exerts it’s effects on the body

Factors: body weight, food, water, sex, time, number of drinks

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12
Q

Controlled Substances Act

A

Nixon combined all drug laws on June 17, 1970
Drugs were placed into 5 groups based on medical use and potential for abuse

Schedule 1:
High potential for harm
No accepted medical use
No rx allowed
Harsh prison sentences
Heroin, LSD, Cannabis, MDMA, psilocybin, Bath salts

Schedule 2:
Potential for harmful use
Accepted medical use
Can be dispensed with a written rx
Cocaine, PCP, Ketamine, Fentanyl, Meth, Codeine, Benzo

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13
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Long term effect of alcohol use
Caused by a B vitamin deficiency
Alcohol interferes with how the body absorbed B

Mental confusion
Memory/learning problems
Speech difficulties

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14
Q

Narcan

A

For opiate overdose
Naloxone
Nasal spray
Mu opioid receptor antagonist (blocks)
Increases breathing
Reduces itching and constipation
Quick and immediate withdrawal

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15
Q

Developmental Risks/Protective Factors

A

Individual
Risk- early aggressive bx
Protective- impulse control

Family
Risk- lack of parental supervision
Protective- watch your kids

Peer
Risk- Substance use
Protective- good in school

School
Risk- Drug availability (Pillcrest, MariWando)
Protective- Anti drug policies

Community
Risk- Poverty
Protective- Neighborhood attachment

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16
Q

Prevention Principle #10

A

Example: Project Star
Effort that involves schools, parents, community, health policies, media
Significant impacts in reducing substance use

17
Q

Motivational Model

A

A behavioral theory of addiction
Based in operant conditioning
Behavior results in reinforcement or punishment
Goal of substance is to change mood

Two dimensions:
1. Valence of reinforcement (positive or negative)
2. Source of reinforcement (internal or external)

18
Q

Valence and Source Table

A

Valence-positive
Source-Internal
Boosts a good mood

Valence-negative
Source-Internal
Coping

Valence-positive
Source- external
Social friends and parties

Valence-negative
Source-external
Conformity

19
Q

Brain-disease Model

A

Posits addiction is a brain disease
More medical
Less likely to involve law
Motivation to increase services within medical facilities
Moved addiction to a public health concern

20
Q

Types of Prevention

A
  1. Universal -designed for gen pop
  2. Selective-targets specifics at risk groups
  3. Indicated- folks already using
21
Q

5 As of Smoking Cessation

A
  1. Ask about tobacco use
  2. Advise to quit
  3. Assess willingness to make an attempt
  4. Assist in a quit attempt
  5. Arrange follow up
22
Q

Behavioral Theories of Addiction

A

Incentive Salience- Craving
Stimulus Response- Habits
Inhibitory Control-Inability to stop
Motivational Model- Operant conditioning

23
Q

Biopsychosocial Model

A

Biology- genetics
Physical health
Drug effects

Psycho-psychological
Coping skills
Paired stimuli/triggers
Routines habits

Social-
Peers
Family
Cultural norms
Circumstances

24
Q

Four Intervention Approaches

A

1.Child-centered:
Delivered to youth
Focuses on intrapersonal context (attitudes, beliefs, incentives)
Builds skills
Self-management, resistance, knowledge

  1. Family-based:
    Delivered to parents
    Focuses on family functioning
    Child-only sessions, joint parent/child
    Family is main source of protection
    Parental monitoring
    Open communication
  2. Combined Family and Child-Centered
    Combines child-centered and family based
    Combined life skills
    Strengthening families program
    Family-based, child centered intervention
  3. Multi component: addresses multiple contexts through child-centered, media, task forces, parent Ed
25
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis

A
  1. After smoking effects can be felt after 30 mins
  2. Long elimination 1/2 life
  3. One dose-weeks
  4. Agonist

Delayed effects of ingestion
Children
Manufacturing inconsistencies

Biology of Addiction (1 decks)

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