Terms Flashcards
Define Commune
A government was organized by it’s citizens who agreed to defined it and to abide by the laws they themselves set
example : The Town of Siena and Council of the Nine
Define Republicanism
Support for a republican system of government
example : Siena’s government was governed by republic rule
Define Allegory
Symbolic representation, narrative or story, emblem
example: Famous painting of Allegories of Good and Bad Government
Define Tyranny
Cruel and oppressive government or rule
example: The Town of Siena feared tyrannical rule so they created a Council of nine. They would only serve two months and forced to live in a house with the other leaders, no one else.
Define Contract
A written or spoken agreement, especially one concerning employment, sales, or tenancy, that is intended to be enforceable by law
Define Patron
A man who asked for painting he paid for and found a use for the painting
Define Pigment
The natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue
Define Ultramarine
A brilliant deep blue pigment originally obtained from lapis Lazuli
Define Fresco
A technique in which pigment ( colors ) are added to wet plaster to create a painted surface. In essence the painting becomes a part of the wall, incorporated directly into the architecture.
example: Lorenzetti used this technique in the Allegory of food and bad government, and Giotto uses it in the scrovegni chapel
Define Panel
A flat or curved component, typically rectangular that forms or are a set into the surface of a door, wall or ceiling
Who is Alberti ( Leon Battista )
He was an Italian humanist, architect, and principal initiator of Renaissance art theory. He is best known for his treatises and his architectural design’s, he is also credited with being the first to produce a self portrait.
Define Skill
The ability to use one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance
Define Linear perspective
a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.
Define Orthogonals
vertical lines that extend to the vanishing point
Define Transversal
horizontal lines that mark the diminution of planes receding into the distance
Define Centric Point
Concentrated about or directed to a center
Alter piece Painting: Maesta
( the virgin and the child )
Year: 1308-1311
Painter: Duccio di Buoninsegna
Location: Siena, Italy ( located in the Siena Cathedral )
3 facts about the Alter piece of Maesta
1) Shows greater humanization of figures
2) greater naturalism
3) softened facial features from the virgin to seem mother like
Painting: The Annunciation
Year: 1258
Painter: Simone Martini
Location: Siena, Italy ( located in the Siena Cathedral )
3 facts about The Annunciation
1) The richness of the fabrics we see from both of Gabriel and Mary as this was a reference to the silk fragment that was being imported from the east
2) Gabriel announces his mission to the Virgin Mary he is holding an olive branch, a symbol of peace ( while in the back there is a vase of lilies, a symbol of Mary’s purity
3) Mary pulls back at Gabriel’s words as she is interrupted while she was reading the bible symbolizing her faith
The Painting of Allegories of Good and Bad Government
Year: 1338-1340
Painter: Ambriogio Lorenzetti
Location: Salon of Nine at the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena
3 facts about The Allegories of Good and Bad Government
1) Justice and Tyranny are in opposition with one another
( good city vs bad city )
2) a group of a woman dancing is wonderfully elaborated costumes. ( This is symbolic allegory about how peace and prosperity that comes from good government )
3) This room serves as a promise and a threat to the people of Siena. If a person should do their work and life of good they can have a wonder flourishing city, but it they do bad and corruptive stuff their city will turn ugly and war will start.
Architecture: Brunelleschi, Dome of the Cathedral of Florence
Year: 1420-36
Illustrator: Fillippo Brunelleschi
Location: Florence, Italy
Painting: The Chronicles of Gilles li Muisis
Year: 1349
Artist: Gillies li Muisis
Location: Royal Library of Belgium
Painting: The Decameron
Year: 1467
Artist: Taddeo, Crivelli
Location: In the Library of Oxford
Architecture: The Competition for the EAST doors of the Bapistry “ Sacrifice of Issac Panels “
Lorenzo Ghiberti and Flippo Brunelleschi competed, the winner was Lorenzo
Year: 1401-2
Location: Florence, Italy
( Duomo)
Panel: Visitation of St. Elizabeth to the Virgin
Year:1330-36
Artist: Andrea Pisano
Location: SOUTH doors of the Bapistry in Florence
Architecture: Orsanmichele
Year: the original building was burnt down in 1304 & in 1338 the city decreed each guild to fill one of the 14 exterior niches with a freestanding statue of its patron saint.
Artists: Donatello, St. Mark ( linen waver’s guild made of marble
Location: a church in Florence
Sculpture: Doryphoros
Year:450-40 BCE
Artist: Polykleitos of Argos
Location: Naples’ National Museum
Sculptures: Jamb Figures
Year: mid-12th century
Artist: Henri-Jean-Louise Le Secq
Location: Chartres Cathedral in France
Painting: The Giotto
Year: 1490-1550
Artist: Paolo uccello
Location: Florence, Italy
structure: The Scrovegni Chapel
Year: 1300-1305 ( finished )
Artist: Giotto
Location: In Padua
Altarpiece: Adoration of Magi
Year: 1423
Artist: Gentile da Fabriano
Location: Florence
Define Primary Documents
Documents that exist from the 1400s.
contracts between patrons and painters
