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Semantics/Pragmatics > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Semantics

A

The study of meaning communicated through language.

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2
Q

Entailment

A

The relationship between sentences.

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3
Q

Definition Theory

A

States that to give the meaning of linguistuc expressions we should establish the meaning of words.

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4
Q

The three components of grammar

A

Phonology, syntax, semantics.

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5
Q

Denotation

A

A stable relationship in a language that is not dependent on any use of a word.

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6
Q

Reference

A

Moment-by-moment relationship.

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7
Q

Deixis

A

Label for words whose denotational capability needs contextual support.

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8
Q

Frames

A

Theories that shed light on the relationship between linguistic and encyclopedic knowledge.

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9
Q

Collocation

A

Tendency for words to occur together repeatedly.

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10
Q

Homonymy

A

Unrelated senses of the same phonological word.

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11
Q

Homographs

A

Senses of the same word.

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12
Q

Homophones

A

Senses of the same spoken word.

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13
Q

Synonymy

A

Different phonological words that have the same or similar meaning.

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14
Q

Complementary antonyms

A

Relation between words such that the negative of one implies the positive of the other.

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15
Q

Gradable antonyms

A

Relationship between opposites where the postitive of one term does not necessarily imply the negative of the other.

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16
Q

Reverses

A

Realtion between terms describing movement

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17
Q

Converses

A

Relation between two entities from alternate view points.

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18
Q

Taxonomix sisters

A

Hierarchical classification systems, some are open and others closed.

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19
Q

Hyponymy

A

Includes the meaning of a more general word.

20
Q

Meronymy

A

Part-whole relationship between lexical items.

21
Q

Truth

A

The study of logic.

22
Q

Priori

A

Truth that is known before or without experience.

23
Q

Posteriori

A

Truth that can only be known on the basics of empirical testing.

24
Q

Analytic statements

A

Those where the truth follows from the meaning relations within the sentence, regardless of any relationship with the word.

25
Q

Necessary Truths

A

They cannot be denied without forcing a contradiction.

26
Q

Contingent Truths

A

Can be contradicted dependeing on facts.

27
Q

Predicate Logics

A

Sentences with quantifiers like ‘‘every’’,’‘all’’,’‘each’’, etc.

28
Q

Tense

A

The marking of time

29
Q

Aspect

A

Grammatical system relates to time, but the speaker may choose how to describe the internal temporal nature of a situation.

30
Q

Stative verbs

A

These verbs allow the speaker to view a situation as a steady state, with no internal phases.

31
Q

Durative verbs

A

Verbs that describe a situation or process which lasts a period of time.

32
Q

Punctual verbs

A

An event that seems so instantaneous that it involves virtually no time.

33
Q

Telic

A

Refers to those processes that are seen having a natural completion.

34
Q

Atelic

A

Refers to an action as being unfinished and dreadful.

35
Q

Semelfactives

A

Instantaneous atelic

36
Q

Localism

A

The belief that there is a general human tendency to extend spatial terms in this way to a range of other linguistic domains.

37
Q

Representative SA

A

Commits the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.

38
Q

Directive SA

A

They are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something.

39
Q

Commissive SA

A

Commits the speaker to some future course of action.

40
Q

Expressives SA

A

Expresses a psychological states.

41
Q

Declarations

A

They affect immediate changes in the institutional state of affairs and which tend to rely on elaborate extralinguistic institutions.

42
Q

Signification

A

The process of creating and interpreting symbols.

43
Q

Referential approach

A

The action of putting words into a relationship with words.

44
Q

Representational approach

A

A language represents a theory about reality, about the types of things and situations of the world.

45
Q

Nominals

A

Categories used to group together nouns and adjectives based on shared properties.

Semantics/Pragmatics (1 decks)

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