terms

Question 1

31 BCE

Answer 1

The start of “the empire” and the end of “the republic, also the start of the Juilo-Claudius dynasty. Octavian won victory in battle of actium against Antony and Cleopatra

Question 2

estrucans

Answer 2

Nearby populations by Rome

Question 3

Consuls

Answer 3

Made up of the chief magistrates and generals. Contained 2 consuls and they changed almost every year.

Question 4

fides

Answer 4

Loyalty and faithfulness:

Question 5

patricians

Answer 5

Has to be born into this; original aristocrats (ruling group after expulsion of kings)

Question 6

plebians

Answer 6

Commoners (everyone else)

Question 7

tribunes

Answer 7

plebeian leaders (octavian , mark antony, lepidus)

Question 8

carthage

Answer 8

The Phoenician colony; its maritime empire ; located in North Africa

Question 9

Punic wars

Answer 9

Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 BCE, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the western Mediterranean.1st punic war- sicily. Carthage and Rome fighting over sicily. Fought on sea. Rome created their first navy.
2nd punic war- revenge, carthage tried to make a sneak attack carthage lost a lot of people. Scipio Africanus from 2nd punic war
Rome wins
3rd punic war- rome on edge with carthage, unease. The people of sicily (still in rome) told the higher ups and told them they felt uneasy.

Question 10

Hannibal

Answer 10

Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic Car, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants

Question 11

scipio africanus

Answer 11

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

Question 12

146 BCE

Answer 12

end of punic wars and also the year of the sack of carthage

Question 13

Tiberius Gracchus

Answer 13

Proposed las to the Plebian assembly where the could be passed without support from the senate to try and ass his reforms; part of the Gracchi; Served in Tribunes of the Plebs (plebian leaders)

Question 14

133 BCE

Answer 14

The start of the late roman empire, conquest of the eastern Mediterranean completed by this point

Question 15

proscriptions

Answer 15

“public enemy” lists created by L. Cornelius Sulla, winner in the Civil War against Marius

Question 16

Gaius Marius

Answer 16

“the peoples general” of the client armies

Question 17

L.Corenlius Sulla

Answer 17

writer of the proscriptions

Question 18

Julius Caesar

Answer 18

Promise of a major command in Gaul (modern france); eventually became a dictator.Brilliant general, but shrewd politician. Good at keeping face, while making exploits for himself and his family. Loyal to no one. Even old friends.

Question 19

Pompey

Answer 19

Favorable treaties and laws; defender of “the republic”

Question 20

first triumvirate

Answer 20

Caesar, pompey, crassus

Question 21

Octavian

Answer 21

changed his name to Augustus,caesar’s great nephew and heir, adopted in his will

Question 22

Mark anthony

Answer 22

Part of the second triumvirate, he opposed Octavian in the East/West power split, and controlled the Asian regions. He married Cleopatra and together they lost the war with the West after losing the battle of Actium/ He commited suicide

Question 23

Marcus tullius cicero

Answer 23

The last defender of the Republic

Question 24

Battle of actium

Answer 24

Battle between Marcus Anthony and Octavian for control of the empire. Octavian won in 31 BCE

Question 25

princeps

Answer 25

"first"

Question 26

tribunican power

Answer 26

This was one of the powers Augustus gave himself in 23 during the second settlement, which gave him the powers of a tribune. Although it had very little legitimate reward, this title of "protector of the people" made Agustus popular with the public

Question 27

livy

Answer 27

the roman historian

Question 27

vergil

Answer 27

a great Roman epic poet during the golden age of latin literature; author of the Aeneid.

Question 28

Julio-claudian dynasty

Answer 28

refers to the first five roman emperors: agustus, tiberius, caligula (also known as: Gaius), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the first century until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

Question 29

emperior tiberius

Answer 29

augustus' stepson

Question 30

Nero

Answer 30

First roman emperor to persecute christians

Question 31

trajan

Answer 31

leader of the roman empire who disguised it as a republic, and under who the roman empire came to be at its greatest extent

Question 32

"five good emperors"

Answer 32

five consecutive roman emperors; (nerva, trajan, hadrian, antonius, pius, and marcus aurelius) distinguished by their benevolence and moderation

Question 33

Septimius Severus

Answer 33

first systematic state persecution of christians occurs under him

Question 34

essenes

Answer 34

believers in the end of the world

Question 35

pontius pilate

Answer 35

roman procurator of judea (non senatorial governor, representative of the emperor)

Question 36

Paul (Saul) of Tarsus

Answer 36

he apostle to the non-jews. He spread the teaching of jesus in first century world ( one of the leaders of the first generation of christans) Was a follower of Jesus

Question 37

Diocletian

Answer 37

reorganized Rome, and pulled it back from the brink. Divided the empire to make it easier to administer.Created the tetrarchy

Question 38

Tetrarchy

Answer 38

The rule of four. Two Augusti, and two Caesar’s worked to rule the entire territory.

Question 39

Constantine I

Answer 39

Did away with the co emperor system (though it would come back). Issued new currency based on a fixed gold standard. First Christian emperor.Named Constantinople

Question 40

Edict of Milan

Answer 40

313 CE Constantine makes christianity the primary religion of the roman empire

Question 41

Constantinople

Answer 41

Today’s Istanbul. Juncture of the East and Western halves of the empire. Asia and European trade routes all passed through it. Christian “new beginning” for Rome.

Question 42

Emperor Julian

Answer 42

apostate: returned to ancient pagan religion and persecuted the christians. He tried to eliminate the christian religion

Question 43

Battle of Adrianople

Answer 43

378, victory by the Goths that started the final collapse of the Western Roman empire

Question 44

Romulus Augustulus

Answer 44

Last emperor before the fall of Rome

Question 45

Emperor Justinian

Answer 45

leader of the byzantine empire that helped in its revival of Romans glory and fame

Question 46

Battle of Yarmuk

Answer 46

Battle where the byzantine empire suffers a massive defeat to an islamic caliphate army; in syria; 636 BCE; a major victory for Islam

Question 47

Sassanid Empire

Answer 47

Persian empire

Question 48

Iconoclastic Controversy

Answer 48

the conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine empire

Question 49

Jahiliyya

Answer 49

The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine empire: iconoclastic controversy. The “age of ignorance” which refers to the time before the revelation of the Qur’an

Question 50

Nabataeans

Answer 50

Arabs of the north built the city of Petra which became a major stop on a trade route

Question 51

ramadan

Answer 51

fasting

Question 52

Hijrah

Answer 52

Muhammad’s migration from mecca to (yathrib) Medina; “pilgrimage”