Terms

Question 1

Abbey

Answer 1

a monastery or convent

Question 2

Agrarian

Answer 2

relating to cultivating land or cultivation of land

Question 3

Aisles

Answer 3

the basilican church, the portion set parallel to the nave, generally from it by columns or piers

Question 4

Ambulatory

Answer 4

the curving passageway behind the choir of a church, often to connect the radiating chapels

Question 5

Aniconic

Answer 5

ornamentation that is symbolically rather than literally representationally

Question 6

Apse

Answer 6

the termination of the nave of a basilica or the choir in a basilican church

Question 7

Arcade

Answer 7

a series of arches carried on columns or piers

Question 8

Belfry

Answer 8

a bell tower, or a room near the top of a tower containing bells

Question 9

Campanile

Answer 9

a bell tower, usually free standing

Question 10

Cathedral

Answer 10

the church that serves as a seat of a bishop

Question 11

Muqarmas Vaults

Answer 11

islamic vault treatment that fragments the surface into many concave segments, may be built in masonry or suspended as elements from an overhead structure

Question 12

Cloister

Answer 12

a covered walk surrounding a court, usually linking a church to other buildings of a monastery

Question 13

Columnar or Hypostyle Mosque

Answer 13

favored in Arabia, North Africa, Spain

Question 14

Feudalism

Answer 14

government is replaced by people working the land to produce a commodity in exchange for the land they live on controlled by landlords, usually someone strong who could protect them

Question 15

Galleries

Answer 15

the passage over the aisle in medieval churches

Question 16

Greek Cross

Answer 16

a cross with four equal arms

Question 17

Groin Vault

Answer 17

a compound vault where barrel vaults intersect

Question 18

Haram

Answer 18

literally “private” or “sacred” used to describe the sanctuary in a mosque and the family living quarters in islamic house

Question 19

Iwan Mosque

Answer 19

roofed or vaulted chamber open on one side, often facing the courtyard of a mosque

Question 20

Mihrab

Answer 20

a niche in a qibla wall indicating the direction of Mecca

Question 21

Minaret

Answer 21

in islamic architecture, the tower associated with the mosque from which the faithful are called to the prayer

Question 22

Minbar

Answer 22

in a mosque the pulpit from which the imam(prayer leader) leads prayer

Question 23

Monasticism

Answer 23

the withdrawal from the corruption of everyday life in order to contemplating things spiritual

Question 24

Narthex

Answer 24

the entrance porch or chamber before the nave of a church

Question 25

Nave

Answer 25

the western arm of a basilican church

Question 26

Pendentive

Answer 26

a spherical triangle that transforms a square bay into a circle for the springing of a dome

Question 27

Quincunx(cross-in-square)

Answer 27

five objects arranged in a square with the one in the center. Byzantine churches with the quincunx plan typically have five domes, the center one being balanced by the four domes at the corners

Question 28

Rib Vault

Answer 28

a vault where ribs ride below and usually support the vault web

Question 29

Roman Cross

Answer 29

a cross with three equal arms and one longer arm

Question 30

Romanesque

Answer 30

the style based on Roman and Byzantine elements, charactererized by massive articulated wall structures, round arches, and powerful vaults

Question 31

Roundel

Answer 31

a small circular panel or opening

Question 32

Sahn

Answer 32

an open courtyard in a mosque

Question 33

Semidomes

Answer 33

a surface representing one fourth of sphere often covering an apse

Question 34

Squinches

Answer 34

a corbeled arch used to transform a square bay into an octagon for the springing of the dome

Question 35

Transept

Answer 35

the north and south arms of a basilican church

Question 36

Westwerk

Answer 36

the monumental, west facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonion, or Romanesque church

Question 37

Amphitheater

Answer 37

an arena with a raked settings arranged around a circular or oval floor

Question 38

Barrel Vault

Answer 38

a semi circular vault over an rectangular space

Question 39

Basilica

Answer 39

kings hall in roman architecture, a hall used for public administration, refers to a rectangular building that has a central section with a higher roof flanked by the lower aisles on both long sides, a semi circular projection, the apse, was often set one or both of the shorter ends

Question 40

Forum

Answer 40

in roman towns, the open space near the center used for commerce and civic life

Question 41

Hemicycle

Answer 41

a semicircular room or recess

Question 42

Portico

Answer 42

a colonnaded porch

Question 43

Transverse Arch

Answer 43

supporting arch with runs across the vault from side to side, dividing the bays

Question 44

Truimphal Arch

Answer 44

a gateway structure with one of three arch openings, built to celebrate the return of a conquering army

Question 45

Tuscan Order

Answer 45

an order based on Etruscan architecture, employing unfluted columns and simplified capitals(similar to the Doric Order)

Question 46

Domed Mosque

Answer 46

the prayer hall space is dominated by the central dome surrounded by smaller and lower semi domes