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NRSG100 > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

afebrile

A

“without fever” - a person with a normal body temperature

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2
Q

apnea

A

periods during which there is no breathing

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3
Q

blood pressure

A

the force of the moving blood against arterial walls

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4
Q

bradycardia

A

slow pulse rate (<60 bpm for adult)

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5
Q

bradypnea

A

slow rate of breathing

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6
Q

diastolic pressure

A

least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between ventricular contractions

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7
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

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8
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregular pattern of heartbeats

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9
Q

eupnea

A

normal respiration (12-20 for adults)

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10
Q

febrile

A

a person with a fever

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11
Q

hypertension

A

blood pressure elevated about he upper limit of normal

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12
Q

hyperthermia

A

high body temperature (>105.8 F)

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13
Q

hypotension

A

blood pressure below the lower limit of normal

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14
Q

hypothermia

A

low body temperature (<97.0 F)

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15
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through an artery as pressure is released

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16
Q

orthopnea

A

type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier when the patient sits or stands

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17
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

temporary fall in blood pressure associated with assuming an upright position

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18
Q

pulse

A

wave produced in the wall of an artery with each beat of the heart (normal is 60-100 bpm for adolescents & adults)

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19
Q

pulse deficit

A

difference between the apical and radial pulse rates

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20
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

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21
Q

respiration

A

gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries

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22
Q

systolic pressure

A

highest point of pressure on arterial walls when the ventricles contract

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23
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heart rate (100-180 for adult)

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24
Q

tachypnea

A

increased respiratory rate

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25
Q

temperature

A

the difference between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat lost to the environment

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26
Q

vital signs

A

a person’s temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure

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27
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

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28
Q

change-of-shift report

A

communication method used by nurses who are completing care for a patient to transmit patient info to nurses whoa re about to assume responsibility for continuing care; can be verbally or audiotaped

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29
Q

charting by exception (CBE)

A

shorthand method for documenting patient data that is based on well-defined standards of practice; only exceptions to these standards are documented in narrative notes

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30
Q

collaborative pathway

A

abbreviated summary of key information taken from the more detailed case management plan

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31
Q

confer

A

to consult with someone to exchange ideas or to seek information, advice, or instruction

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32
Q

consultation

A

inviting another professional to evaluate the patient and make recommendations to you about his/her treatment

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33
Q

critical pathway

A

case mgmt plan that is a detailed, standardized plan of care developed for a patient population with a designated diagnosis or procedure; includes expected outcomes, list of interventions, and sequence/timing of those interventions

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34
Q

discharge summary

A

description of where the patient stands in relation to problems identified in the record at discharge; documents any special teaching/counseling the pt received, including referrals

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35
Q

documentation

A

the written or type legal record of all pertinent interactions with the patient - includes assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating

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36
Q

electronic medical record (EMR)

A

computer-based records

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37
Q

flow sheet

A

documentation tools used to record routine aspects of nursing care

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38
Q

focus charting

A

documentation system that replaces the problem list with a focus column that incorporates many aspects of a patient and patient care; the focus may be a patient strength or problem/need. Narrative portion uses DAR (Data, Action, Response)

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39
Q

graphic sheet

A

form used to record specific patient variables such as T, P, R, B/P, I&O, weight, BM, and other patient characteristics

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40
Q

incident report

A

tool used by healthcare agencies to document the occurrence of anything out of the ordinary that results or has the potential to result in harm to a patient, employee, or visitor

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41
Q

minimum data set

A

specific categories of information that use uniform definitions to create a common language among multiple healthcare data users

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42
Q

narrative notes

A

progress notes written by nurses in a source-oriented record that also address routine care, normal finding, and patient problems identified in the plan of care

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43
Q

nursing informatics

A

a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, info, and knowledge in nursing practice

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44
Q

OASIS

A

Outcome and Assessment Information Set - represents core items of a comprehensive assessment for an adult home care patient

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45
Q

patient record

A

compilation of a patient’s health information

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46
Q

personal health record (PHR)

A

contain the individual’s medical history, including diagnoses, symptoms, and medications. Some also include doctors’ notes, test results, CT images, insurance info, etc.

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47
Q

PIE charting

A

Problem, Intervention, Evaluation - does not develop a separate plan of care, it is incorporated into the progress notes

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48
Q

problem-oriented medical record (POMR)

A

organized around a patient’s problems rather than around sources of information

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49
Q

progress notes

A

notes written to inform caregivers of the progress a patient is making toward achieving expected outcomes

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50
Q

SBAR communication

A

Situation Background Assessment Recommendation - the framework between members of the healthcare team about a patient’s care

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51
Q

SOAP format

A

Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment (the caregiver’s judgment about the situation), Plan

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52
Q

source-oriented record

A

a record in which each healthcare group keeps data on its own separate form (sections of record for nurses, physicians, lab, x-ray, etc.)

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53
Q

variance charting

A

documentation method in case mgmt that records unexpected events, the cause for the event, actions taken in response to the event, and discharge planning when appropriate

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54
Q

referral

A

the process of sending or guiding the patient to another source for assistance

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55
Q

aerobic

A

bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow

56
Q

anaerobic

A

bacteria that can live without oxygen

57
Q

antibody

A

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

58
Q

antigen

A

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

59
Q

antimicrobial

A

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

60
Q

asepsis

A

absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

61
Q

bacteria

A

the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents in healthcare institutions. Can be spherical, rod shaped, or corkscrew; can be gram-positive or gram-negative.

62
Q

disinfection

A

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

63
Q

endemic

A

a disease that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population

64
Q

endogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself harbors

65
Q

exogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

66
Q

fungi

A

plant-like organisms that also can cause infection

67
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)

68
Q

host

A

animal/person on or within which microorganisms live

69
Q

iatrogenic

A

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

70
Q

infection

A

disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body

71
Q

isolation

A

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms

72
Q

medical asepsis

A

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens (clean technique)

73
Q

nosocomial

A

hospital-acquired infection

74
Q

pathogen

A

disease-producing microorganism

75
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

gloves, gown, masks, & protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious material

76
Q

reservoir

A

natural habitat for growth & multiplication of microorganisms

77
Q

standard precautions

A

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status

78
Q

sterilization

A

the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed

79
Q

transmission-based precautions

A

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected by be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions

80
Q

vector

A

nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice that transmit organisms from one host to another

81
Q

virulence

A

ability to cause disease

82
Q

virus

A

the smallest of all microorganisms; common cold, AIDS are caused by viruses.

83
Q

asphyxiation

A

stoppage of breathing or the lack of air reaching the lungs; suffocation

84
Q

bioterrorism

A

the deliberate spread of pathogenic organisms into a community to cause widespread illness, fear, and panic

85
Q

chemical terrorism

A

the deliberate release of a chemical compound that has the potential for harming people’s health

86
Q

disaster

A

an emergency event of greater magnitude that requires the response of people outside the involved community

87
Q

ground

A

conducting connection between a source of electricity and the earth

88
Q

intimate partner violence (IPV)

A

domestic violence or battering between two people in a close relationship

89
Q

nuclear terrorism

A

intentional dispersal of radioactive materials into the environment for the purpose of causing injury and death

90
Q

poison control center

A

agency that handles poison exposure and provides poison prevention teaching to the general population

91
Q

restraint

A

device used to limit movement or immobilize a client

92
Q

safety event report

A

documentation describing any injury or potential for injury suffered by a patient in a healthcare agency

93
Q

sentinel event

A

an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof

94
Q

active exercise

A

joint movement activated by the person

95
Q

ankylosis

A

fixation or immobilization of a joint

96
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in the size of a body structure

97
Q

body mechanics

A

efficient use of the body as a machine and as a means of locomotion

98
Q

cartilage

A

hard nonvascular connective tissue found in the joints as well as in the nose, ear, thorax, trachea, and larynx

99
Q

contractures

A

permanently contracted state of a muscle

100
Q

dangling

A

position in which the person sits on the edge of the bed with legs and feet dangling over the side of the bed

101
Q

exercise

A

active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups

102
Q

flaccidity

A

decreased muscle tone

103
Q

footdrop

A

complication resulting from extended plantar flexion

104
Q

isokinetic exercise

A

exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate

105
Q

isometric exercise

A

exercise in which muscle tension occurs without a significant change in muscle strength

106
Q

isotonic exercise

A

movement in which muscles shorten (contract) and move

107
Q

ligaments

A

tough fibrous bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage

108
Q

negative nitrogen balance

A

condition resulting in muscle wasting and decreased physical energy for movement and work

109
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells, which conduct impulses from one part of the body to another

110
Q

orthopedics

A

the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion

111
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition characterized by loss of calcium from bone tissue

112
Q

paralysis

A

absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment

113
Q

paresis

A

impaired muscle strength or weakness

114
Q

passive exercise

A

manual or mechanical means of moving the joints

115
Q

patient care ergonomics

A

practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care

116
Q

range of motion (ROM)

A

complete extent of movement in which a joint is normally capable

117
Q

spasticity

A

increased muscle tone

118
Q

tendons

A

strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone

119
Q

tonus

A

normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction

120
Q

alopecia

A

baldness

121
Q

caries

A

cavities of the teeth

122
Q

cerumen

A

wax in the external ear canals, consisting of a heavy oil and brown pigment

123
Q

cheilosis

A

ulceration of the lips

124
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gingivae or gums

125
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

126
Q

halitosis

A

offensive breath

127
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

128
Q

periodontitis

A

marked inflammation of the gums that also involved degeneration of the dental periosteum (tissues) and bone

129
Q

plaque

A

invisible, destructive, bacterial film that builds up on teeth and eventually leads to the destruction of tooth enamel

130
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the oral mucosa

131
Q

tartar

A

hard deposit on the teeth near the gum line formed by plaque buildup and dead bacteria

132
Q

epidermis

A

the top layer, or outermost portion, of the skin

133
Q

dermis

A

the second layer of skin; consists of a framework of elastic connective tissue

134
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

underlying layer of skin that anchors the skin layers to the underlying tissues of the body

135
Q

wound

A

a break or disruption in the normal integrity of the skin and tissues

NRSG100 (2 decks)

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