Terms Flashcards
Settler Colonialism
Sometimes called “white settlers society”, describes displacement of indigenous populations from their land by invasive pop (white settlers) that establishes own identity over land.
Importance: Conceptual tool that helps us to understand the ongoing system of power that disadvantages indigenous peoples to the benefit of “settlers”.
Imagined communities
Communities are social constructs that only exist in minds of who live in the community. Imagined b/c the members of even the smallest nation will not know most of their fellow members, yet in the minds of each lies the image of their communion.
Importance: Fits w/n social constructionist model of society.
Imagined geography
Created through use of certain images, texts or discourses. They reflect a process of selection through which some images, texts or discourses are emphasized and others are minimized.
Importance: This theory has also been used to critique several geographies created; both historically and contemporarily.
National convention
The Newfoundland National Convention of 1946 to 1948 was a forum established to decide the constitutional future of Newfoundland.
Importance: Important for understanding howNewfoundland became a Canadian province in 1949.
Commission of government
Ended responsible government, Newfoundlanders lost democratic rights, commission of government appointed.
Loyalists
During the American revolution against great Britain people who were loyal to the British crown were called “loyalists”.
Importance: Promised land and provisions for when war was over if they chose to fight for the British. Some of these loyalists were black, many whom fought for British in exchange for their freedom.
David Adam Richards
Award winning author
Importance: writer-in-residence at several universities and colleges across Canada and has received honorary doctorates from threeNew Brunswick pieces.
Miramici Trilogy
A series by David Adam Richards.
Importance: One of the few Canadian writers to be awarded a Governor General’s Literary Award in both the fiction and non-fiction categories. He writes about fictionalized accounts of his native region Miramichi, New Brunswick.
Antonine Maillet
Acadian novelist, playwright, and scholar.
Importance: Her career can be read as a symbol of most recent Acadian cultural revival, revival that include number of other developments such as creation of university de Moncton.
State sponsored Acadians
Acadians who depend too heavily on government sponsorship to express their national and cultural identity.
Importance: Savoie points to individual involvement and increased tolerance of diversity as essential to the survival of this identity.
Epekwitk
Aboriginal peoples called Prince Edward Island “Abegweit”, derived from a Mi’kmaq word loosely translated as “cradled in the waves”.
Importance: Theimportance of revitalizing Mi’kmaq language and culture.
Cavendish
Montgomery returned to Cavendish for a visit in the fall of 1929 – she had been living in Ontario since 1911 – she found signboards pointing the way to “Avonlea Beach” and “Green Gables.” she reflected in her journal that it is not ‘Green Gables’ — that Green Gables was a purely imaginary place.” – Edward MacDonald.
Lucy Maud Montgomery
Wrote Anne of green gables. literary classic translated into 20 languages.
Importance: Once part of school curriculum in countries such as Japan. Created gift shops, plays, films, industry.
Culture area
Geographically defined areas occupied by several indigenous groups whose cultures resembled each other significantly.
Importance: Culture permeates all aspects of life and is essential to the overall well-being of Indigenous communities and individuals.
Tribal council
Groupings of First Nations w/common interests who voluntarily join together to provide services to member First Nations.
Importance: Tribal governments give structure to their communities.
Treaties of peace and friendship
Peace and Friendship Treaties were signed with the Mi’kmaq, Maliseet and Passamaquoddy prior to 1779. (solemn agreements that set out long-standing promises, mutual obligations and benefits for both parties).
Importance: Prevent war between enemies and to facilitate trade. harmonize relationships.
Grand Chief Gabriel Sylliboy
First Mi’kmaq elected as grand chief.
Importance: first to fight for the recognition by the state of Canada of the treaties between the government and the First Nations people.
Treaty rights
Rights set out in either a historic or modern treaty agreement.
Importance: Provide a framework for living together and sharing the land Indigenous peoples traditionally occupied.
Aboriginal rights
In general they include rights to the land, rights to resources and activities, right to self-determination and self-government, and the right to practice one’s own culture and customs including language and religion.
Marshall decision
Affirmed First Nations’ treaty right to fish, hunt, and gather in pursuit of a moderate livelihood.
Donald Jr
Mi’kmaw man who was wrongly convicted of murder.
Importance: The case inspired a number of questions about the fairness of the Canadian justice system.
Le grand derangement
TheExpulsion of the Acadians was theforced removal by theBritish of theAcadian people from the present-day Canadianmaritime provinces.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
American poet and educator whose works include Evangeline.
Importance: The legendhelped marginalized Acadians—wherever they landed—maintain a sense of cultural identity
Pere Anselme Chiasson
Catholic priest, educator and writer in New Brunswick.
Importance: Made significant contributions to the recording of Acadian history and folklore.
Black loyalists
- Arrived in Nova Scotia bi. lates 1700’s, as result of American Revolution.
- Were largest group of people of African birth and of African descent to come to Nova Scotia at any one time.
Importance: Thisboosted the population, led to the creation of Upper Canada and New Brunswick, and heavily influenced the politics and culture of what would become Canada.
Maroons
Maroons werea group of just under 600 Jamaican Maroons, the largest of the five Jamaican maroon towns who were deported by the British authorities in Jamaica following the Second Maroon War in 1796, first to Nova Scotia.
Importance: They contributed to the construction of African Nova Scotian identity.
Black refugees
The Black Refugees who settled in Nova Scotia achieved freedom, but were faced with harsh conditions and discrimination.
Importance: Despite their marginalization the Black Refugees made valuable contributions to Nova Scotia’s cultural fabric as they established enduring communities throughout the province and helped to shape the development of an African Nova Scotian identity.
Rita Joe
Mi’kmaq poet and songwriter.
Importance: Wrote powerful poetry that spoke about Indigenous identity and the legacy of residential schools in Canada. Her works continue to influence Indigenous and non-Indigenous writers and artists alike.
Shub school
Indian residential school system in Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia between 1930 and 1967. It was the only one in the Maritimes and children from across the region were placed in the institution.
Day schools
Operated for over a century, from the 1860s to 1990s. Similarly to residential schools, the purpose of the day schools was to assimilate Indigenous children and erase Indigenous language and culture.
Importance: The purpose of the day schools wasto assimilate Indigenous children and erase Indigenous language and culture.
Isabelle Knockwood
Born in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, attended the Indian Residential School in Shubenacadie from 1936 to 1947.
Importance: She shares her experiences with schools, book touched many, vital person in the community.
Duncan Campbell Scott
Was a Canadian civil servant and poet and prose writer. He also enforced and expanded residential schools.
Importance: Played a pivotal role in the expansion of the residential school system.
Sixties scoop
This phenomenon, coined the “60’s Scoop”, is so named becausethe highest numbers of adoptions took place in the decade of the 1960sand because children were literally scooped from their homes and communities without the knowledge or consent of families and bands.
A.S Kendall
Was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton in the House of Commons of Canada from 1900 to 1904 as a Liberal member.
Okak
Okak is a former community located on Okak Bay in northern Labrador
Importance: Moravian missionaries brought an outbreak of Spanish influenza that devastated Okak, killing 204 out of a population of 263.
The National Policy
The National Policy was a Canadian economic program introduced by John A. Macdonald’s Conservative Party in 1876.
Importance: The government can formulate the national development strategies in national policies. They can plan has to attract the rural people in order to achieve their goals.
Industrial consolidation
The consolidation phase isa stage in the industry life cycle where competitors in the industry start to merge with one another.
Importance: To improve investment returns through cost cutting and productivity gains.
Branch plants
A plant or factory in Canada belonging to a company whose headquarters are in another country
Importance: In rural communities, manufacturing facilities belonging to large companies have provided stable jobs, good benefits and occupational mobility that would not exist otherwise
Flight of capital
The outflow of capital from a country due to negative monetary policies.
*Importance:It reduces the strength of the economy – and of the government, as it means a loss of tax revenue
“have not” region
Transition through 1920’s. Would forever define maritimes as “have not” region. Maritimes economic disaster. (Great Depression before the Great Depression). Lasted generation.
Tartanism
The process of making Nova Scotia “Scottish”
Importance: Angus L. Macdonald uses the power of the state to advance the Scottish identity of NS.
Helen Creighton
Prominent Canadian folklorist.
Importance: Devoted her life topreserving and promoting Nova Scotia’s unique folk culture.
Irish loop
On the southern Avalon peninsula, we can find Newfoundland’s Irish Corner. Highway is known as the Irish Loop.
Importance: Some of the oldest settler communities in what is now Canada.
Smallwood development agenda
When J.R.Smallwood’s government took office, itsagenda
was to develop, diversify, and modernize the economy of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Program of = opportunity
Asserts that all people should have the right to work and advance regardless of their race, sex, color, religion, disability, national origin, or age
Leonard Jones
Was a Canadian lawyer and politician, who served as mayor of the city of Moncton, New Brunswick, between 1963 and 1974.
Stateless community
A stateless nation isan ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state.
Cottage hospital
Semi-obsolete type of small hospital.
Importance: Provided citizens in the outports with access to hospital and medical services.
Outport nursing
Registered nurses who have the experience, skills and willingness to work in sometimes very challenging conditions.
Blue flu
A type of strike action undertaken by police officers in which a large number simultaneously use sick leave.
Keddy’s strike
Fall 1983, 90 nursing home staff employed by Keddy’s nursing home began a strike.
Parade of concern
Students from Xavier College protesting the proposed Sydney Steel Plant closure in 1967.
Sysco
Provincial crown corporation, to run the mill (Sydney steel mill).
Bricklin company
Car company, which made cars in Saint John and Minto, NB
Importance: Created to redevelop region after economic hardships.
Claritone company
Company that made award-winning hi-fi stereos through the 1960s, switched to tv’s.
Importance: Created to redevelop region after economic hardships.
Cod moratorium
Policy to help restore cod stocks that had been depleted due to overfishing.
Importance: Themoratoriumput about 30,000 people in the province out of work and ended a way of life that had endured for generations in many outport communities.
200 mile limit
Coastal nations were granted rights to exploit the coast line to a depth of 200 metres.
Trinity royal preservation district
It is a twenty blockarealocated in Saint John and contains more than 300 properties
Battle of harbour drive
- In the late 1960s, there was interest in Halifax in developing a highway that would circumnavigate the peninsula
- Provide quick access to and from downtown
- Follow the harbour & cut off the waterfront from the public
Importance: Importance of historical properties. They would be damaged.
Cokeville
Community with all black migrants, ‘Whitney Pier” located close to coke ovens.
Murray Sinclair
former member of the Canadian Senate and First Nations lawyer who served as chairman of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
he was instrumental in creating a space for more than 6,000 Residential Schools Survivors across Canada,
Common experience payment
lump-sum payment that recognizes the experience of living at an Indian Residential School(s) and its impacts.
Kouchibouguac
national park in NB
Mi’gmaq origin and means “river of the long tides.”
Jackie Vautour
Canadian fisherman, born in NB,
best known for his fight against the expropriation of 250 families in the early 1970s to create Kouchibouguac National Park on land formerly occupied by eight villages.
Acadian Metis
self reported Metis
Atlantic revolution
the welfare state in Canada underwent a period of remarkable expansion
