TERMS Flashcards
1
Q
Accept
A
A strategy of managing negative risks that involves acknowledging a risk and not taking any action until the risk occurs
2
Q
Acceptance Criteria
A
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted
3
Q
Active Listening
A
A communication technique that involves acknowledging what you hear and clarifying the message to confirm that what you heard matches the message the sender intended
4
Q
Project Activity
A
Task
5
Q
Activity Attributes
A
Multiple attributes associated with each schedule activity that can be included within an activity list
6
Q
Activity List
A
A document tabulation of schedule activities that show activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description to project team members understand what work is to be performed
7
Q
Administrative Closure
A
Involves verifying and documenting project results to formalize project or phase completion
8
Q
Affinity Diagram
A
A technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis
9
Q
Agile Life Cycles
A
A project life cycle that is iterative or incremental also referred to as change-driven or adaptive. They can work well in environments with high levels of change and ongoing stakeholder involvement in a project
10
Q
Agile Project Management
A
A project management methodology that uses and iterative and incremental approach that focuses on customer value and team empowerments. The product is developed in iterations by a small and integrated team
11
Q
Agile Release Planning
A
A process in which you determine the number of iterations/sprints that are needed to complete each release, the features that each iteration will contain, and target release dates
12
Q
Agreements
A
Docs/ communications that define the initial intentions of a project. Examples: contracts, memorandums of understanding (MOWs), SLAs, Letters of agreement, Letters of intent, email, other written agreements
13
Q
Analogous estimating
A
Estimating the duration or cost of an activity using historical data from similar activity or project
14
Q
CCB
A
Change control board
15
Q
Assumption and Constraint Analysis
A
A process that explores the validity of the project assumptions within the constraints and identifies risk from any incompleteness or inaccuracy of the project assumptions
16
Q
Auditing
A
Examination of project goals including, adequacy, accuracy, efficiency, effectiveness and projects compliance with applicable methodologies. It is form and demoralized team members
17
Q
Autocratic
A
Group decision-making method, one member of the group makes the decision. (considers groups opinions)
18
Q
Avoid
A
Risk management strategy that avoids a specific risk entirely by altering schedule, changing strategy, increasing funding, or reducing scope
19
Q
Benchmarking
A
The comparison of actual or planned products, processes, and practices to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement and provide a basis for measuring performance
20
Q
Benefit Cost Analysis
A
The documented explanation defining the processes for creating, maximizing, and sustaining the benefits provided by the project or program
21
Q
Bidder Conferences
A
The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of procurement. Also called vendor conferences, pre-bid conferences or contractor conferences
22
Q
Bottom Up Estimating
A
Estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the WBS
23
Q
Burndown Chart
A
Tool used in adaptive to track progress of the project by plotting the number of days of Sprint against the number of hours of work remaining
24
Q
Change Control Form
A
A document used to request a project change.
25
Change Control System
Set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled
26
Change Management Plan
A component of the PM Plan that establishes the Change Control Board (CCB), documents that extent of its authority, and describes how the change control system will be implemented
27
Checklist Analysis
A technique for systematically reviewing materials using a list for accuracy and completeness
28
CI
Continuous Improvement - The ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes
29
Close Project or Phase Process
The process of finalizing all activities for the project, phase, or contract
30
Close-Out Meetings
Sessions held at the end of a project or phase; they involve discussing work and capturing lessons learned
31
Code of accounts
A numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the WBS
32
Communication Models
A description, analogy, or schematic used to represent how the communication process will be performed for the project
33
Communication Requirements Analysis
An analytical technique to determine the info needs of the project stakeholders through interviews, workshops, study of lessons learned from previous projects, etc.
34
Communication Styles Assessment
A technique to identify the preferred communication method, format, and content for stakeholders for planned communication activities
35
Communications Management Plan
Plan goes in PM plan outlines how, when, and by whom info about project will be disseminated
36
Completion Contract
A contract that is completed when vendor delivers product to buyer and buyer accepts
37
Configuration Management
Tool used to manage changes to a product or service being produced as well as changes to any of the project documents such as schedule updates
38
Configuration Management System
Collection of procedures used to track project artifacts and monitor and control changes to these artifacts
39
Context Diagram
A visual depiction of the product scope showing a biz system (process, equipment, computer system, etc) and how people and other systems interact with it
40
Contingency Reserves
Time or money allocated in the schedule or cost baseline for known risks with active response strategies
41
Contract Change Control System
System used to collect, track, adjudicate, and communicate changes to a contract
42
Control Account
A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurment
43
Control Procurements process
Process of managing procurement, relationships, monitoring contract performance, making changes and corrections as appropriate, and closing out contracts
44
controlling PMO
Type of PMO that provides support and requires compliance through various means. Examples: adopting PM frameworks, using templates forms and tools, or conformance to governance
45
CoQ
Cost of Quality - All costs incurred over the life of a product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraisal of product or service for conformance to requirements and failure to meet requirements
46
Cost Aggregation
Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the various work packages for given level within the project's WBS or for a given cost control account
47
Cost Baseline
the approved version of the time-pashed project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can only be changed through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results
48
Cost of Conformance
The money spent during a project to avoid failures. This includes prevention costs that build a quality product and appraisal costs that assess the quality
49
The cost of non-conformance
The money is spent after a project is complete because of failures. This includes internal and external failure costs
50
Conformance
comply with rules, standards, or laws.
51
CPAF contract
Cost Plus Award Fee Contract - a category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit
52
Cost-Reimbursable Contract
Contract involving payment to seller for the seller's actual costs, plus a fee typically representing the seller's profit
53
CPFF Contract
Cost Plus Fixed Fee contract
54
CPI
Cost Performance Index - A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost
55
CPIF Contract
Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract - A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller's allowable costs and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria
56
Critical Path
The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through the project, which determines the shortest possible duration
57
CV
Cost Variance
58
De Facto Regulations
Regulations that are widely accepted and adopted through use
59
De Jure Regulations
Regulations that are mandated by law or have been approved by a recognized body of experts
60
Decision Tree Analysis
A diagraming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty
61
Directions of Influence
A classification model that groups stakeholders based on how they influence the project: upwards (sr. mngmt.), downwards (team of specialists), outwards (external) sidewards (PMs peers), and prioritizations
62
Directive PMO
Type of PMO that takes control of project by directly managing projects
63
Discretionary Dependency
A relationship that is established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or an aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired
64
DoD
Definition of Done
65
DoR
Definition of Ready - A teams checklist for a user-centric requirement that has all the info the team needs to be able to begin working on it
66
EAC
Estimate of Completion - expected cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete
67
EEF
Enterprise Environmental Factors - Conditions that are not under the immediate control of the team, and that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio
68
Effect-Based Rish Classification
A way of analyzing the major risks inherent to a project that could have an impact on its success. These major risks include time, cost, quality, and scope
69
Effort
The number of labor units required to complete a scheduled activity or WBS component, often expressed in hours/days/weeks
70
EMV
Expected Monetary Value
71
ETC
Estimate to Complete - Expected cost to finishing remaining project work
72
EV
Earned Value - A measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work
73
EVM
Earned Value Mangement - A method that combines scope, scheudle, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress
74
FF
Finish to Finish - successor activity cannot finish until the predecessor activity finishes
75
FFP Contract
Firm Fixed Price Contract
76
Free Float
AKA slack / amount of time that a scheduled activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating the schedule constraint (critical path)
77
FPEPA Contract
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract
78
FS
Finish to start
79
Functional Organization
Organizational structure which staff is grouped by areas of speciality and PM has limited authority to assingn work and apply resource
80
Funding Limit Reconciliation
The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project funds against any limits on the commitment of funds for the project to identify any variances between the funding limits and the planned expenditures
81
IFB
Invitation for Bid,
82
incremental life cycle
Adaptive project life cycle in which the deliverable is produced through a series of iterations that successively add functionality within a predetermined time frame. The deliverable contains the necessary and sufficient capability to be considered complete only after the final iteration
83
Influence/Impact Grid
A classification model that groups stakeholders on the basis of their involvement in and impact on the project
84
Information Radiator
Visual displays are placed in a visible location so everyone can quickly see the latest info. In agile practice, aka “Big Visible Chart”
85
IRR
Internal Rate of Return - The interest rate that makes the net present value of all cash flow equal to zero
86
Iteration
Timeboxed cycle of development on a product or deliverable in which all of the work that is needed to deliver value is perfomred
87
Iterative Life Cycle
Project life cycle where the project scope is determined early in the project life cycle but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team's understanding of the product increases
88
JAD
Joint Application Design - Specialized workshops that includes both SMEs and the development team together to discuss and improve on the software development process
89
Lag
Amount of the time whereby a successor activity will be delayed with respect to the preceding activity
90
lead
Amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to predecessor activity
91
Lean
Agile method used primarily in manufacturing that focuses on acheiving outcomes with little or no waste
92
Lessons-learned register
document used to record knowledge gained **during** a project so that it can be used in the current project and later entered in the repository
93
lessons-learned repository
A store of historical info about lessions learned in projects
94
majority
decision making method = majority rules
95
Management Reserves
An amount of the project budget or project schedule held outside of the performance measurement baseline (PMB) for mangement control purposes, that is reserved for unforeseen work that is within the scope of the project
96
Mandatory Dependency
A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work
97
MBI
Minimum Business Increment - The smallest amount of value that can be added to a product or service that benefits the business
98
Mind Mapping
A technique used to consolidate ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas
99
MVP
Most Viable Product - The smallest collection of features that can be included in a product fo customers to consider it functional. In Lean methodologies it can be referred to as “bare bones” or “no frills”
100
NPS
Net Promoter Score - Measures a customer's willingness to recommend a provider's products or services to another on a scale of -100 to 100
101
NPV
Net Present Value - The present value of all cash outflows minus the present value of all cash inflows
102
OPA
Organizational Process Assets - Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization
103
Opportunity
A **risk** that would have a positive effect on one or more proejct objectives
104
Organizational Theory
Study of how people, teams, and organizations behave to look for common themes for the purpose of maximizing efficiency and productivity, problems solving, and meeting the stakeholder requirements of a project
105
Overlapping Relationships
Type of phast to phase relationship that contains phases that start prior to the previous phase ending
106
Parametric Estimating
Technique in which an algorithm is used to caculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters
107
Pareto Chart
A histogram tht is used to rank causes of problems in hierarchical format
108
PDM
Precedence Diagramming Method - technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are graphically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activites are to be performed
109
Phase Gate
A point review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program
110
Planning Package
WBS component below the control account with known work content but without detailed schedule activities
111
Plurality
**Decisions making technique** made by the largest block in the group even if majority is not acheived
112
PMIS
Project Management Info System - an info system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management processes
113
PMO
Project Management Office - A managment structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the shareing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques. PMOs are mosre common in larger organizations because of of the number of projects that can be in process all at the same time
114
Portfolio Management
The centralized managment of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives
115
Portfolio
Projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives
116
Power/influence grid
A classification model that groups stakeholders on the basis of their levels of authority and involvement in the project
117
power/interest grid
a classification model that groups stakeholders on the basis of their levels of authority and interest in the project
118
Predictive Life Cycle
A form of project life cycle in which the project scope, time, and cost and determined in the early phases of the life cycle
119
Probability Distribution
Teh scattering of values assigned to likelihood in a sample population. It can be visually depicted in the form of the probablility density function (PDF)
120
Product Backlog
A prioritized list of customer requirements and the first step of Scrum in which priority is based on the riskiness and business value of the user story
121
Product Box Excercise
A technique used to explain an overarching solution wherein stakeholders try to describe aspects of a solution in the same way a marketer might describe product features and benefits on a box
122
Product Owner
An individual or organization who is responsible for gatherin inputs about a product from the customer and translating the requirements into the product vision for the team and stakeholders
123
Product Roadmap
A high-level visual summary of the product or products of the project that includes goals, milestones, and potential deliverables
124
Progressive Elaboration
The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of info and more accurate estimates become available
125
Project Charter
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
126
Project Governance
The framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals
127
Project Life Cycle
A series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion
128
Project Management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements
129
Project Requirements
For a project, these are the agreed-upon conditions or capabilites of a project, service, or outcome that a project is designed to satisfy
130
Project Schedule Network Diagram
A graphic representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities. Project schedule. An output of a schedule model that presents linked activiites with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources
131
Project Scope Statement
The description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints
132
Projectized Organization
The structure where a project manager and a core project team operate as a separate organizational unit within the parent organization
133
Pull Communications
Messages that require the interested people to access the info based on their own initiative
134
Push Communications
Messages that our are sent out to people who need to receive the info
135
PV - Present Value
The current value of a future sume of money or stream of cash flows given a specific rate of return
136
PV - Planned Value
The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work
137
QFD
Quality Function Deployment - Workshops that are commonly used in the manufacturing field to determine new product development requirements
138
Qualitative Risk Analysis
A technique used to determine the probability of occurance and the ipact of identified risk
139
Quality Audit
A structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and prodedures
140
Quality Gate
A special type of gate located before a phase that is strongly dependent upon the outcome of a previous phase. The quality gate process is a formal way of specifying the recording the transition between stages in the project life cycle
141
Quality Metric
A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it
142
Quality
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements
143
Quantitative Risk Analysis
Technique used to assess the risk exposure events to overall project objectives and determine the confidence lelvels of achieving the project objectives
144
RAM
Responsibility Assignment Matrix - A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package (RACI is an example)
145
RBS
Risk Breakdown Structure = A hierarchical representation of potential sources of risk
146
Relative Authority
The project manager's authority relative to the functional manager's authority over the project and project team
147
Requirements Traraceability Matrix
A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them
148
Resource Levelling
A resource optimization technique in which adjustments are made to the project schedule to optimize the allocation of resources and **which may effect the critical path**
149
RFQ
Request for Quotation
150
Risk Appetite
The degree of uncertainty an organization or individual is willing to accept in anticipation of a reward
151
Risk Register
A respository in which outputs of risk management processes are recorded
152
Risk Threshold
The level of risk exposure above which risks are addressed and below which risks may be accepted
153
Risk Tolerance
The max amount of risk, and potential impact of that risk occuring, that a project manager or key stakeholder is willing to accepted
154
Risk Workshop
A technique that uses a special meeting conducted for the purpose of identifying project rishks
155
Root Cause Anlysis
An analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance or a derect or a risk. A root cuase may underlie more than one variance or defect or risk
156
SAFe
Scale Agile Framework - A knowledge base of integrated patterns for enterprise-scale lean- agile development
157
Salience Model
A classifcation model that groups stakeholders on the basis of their level of authority, their immediate needs, and how appropriate their involvement is in terms of the project
158
Scope Baseline
The approved version of a scope statement, WBS, and its associated WBS dictionary, that can be changed using formal change control proedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results
159
3 things PM is working to control
time, scope, resources
160
Scrum Master
The coach of the devleopment team and process owner in the Scrum framework. Removes obstacles, facilitates productive events, and defends the team from disruptions
161
Scrum
Agile framework for developing and sustaining complex products, with specific roles, events, and artifacts
162
Sequential Relationships
A type of phase to phase relationship that contains consecutive phases that only start when the previous phase is complete
163
Servant Leadership
A type of leadership style used in agile and other types of projects which encourages the self-definition, self-discovery, and self-awareness of team members by listening, coaching, and providing an environment which allows them to grow
164
Share
A strategy for **managing positive risks** or opportunities that involves allocating some or all of the ownership of the opportunity to a third party
165
Simulation
An analytical technique that models the combined effect of uncertainties to evaluate their potential impact on objectives
166
SoS
Scrum of Scrums - A technique to operate Scrum at scale for multiple teams working on the same product, coordinating discussions of progress on their interdependencies, and focusing on how to integrate the delivery of software, especially in areas of overlap
167
Source Selection Criteria
A set of attributes desired by the buyer which a seller is required to meet or exceed to be selected for a contract
168
Source-based risk classification
A method if analyzing risk in terms of its origins
169
SPI
Schedule Performance Index - A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the rtio of earned value to planned value
170
Sprint Backlog
A list of work items identified by the Scrum team to be completed during the Scrum sprint
171
Sprint Planning
A collaborative event in Scrum in which the Scrum team plans the work for the current sprint
172
Sprint Retrospective
This critical part of scrum process is attended by the Product Owner, Scrum Master, and the Scrum team to analyze from a process perspective what is working weel and what is not and agree upon changes to implement
173
Sprint Review
A review at the end of each iteration with the Product Owner and other customer stakeholders to review the progress of the product, get early feedback, and review an acceptance from Product Owner of the stories deliverd in the iternation. Also referred to as a Demo
174
Sprint
A timeboxed iteration in Scrum
175
SS - Start to Start
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started
176
Stakeholder Analysis
A technique of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitiative and qualitative info to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project
177
Stakeholder Cube
A 3-D classification model that builds on the previous 2D grids to group stakeholders
178
Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
A matrix that compares current and desired stakeholder engagement levels
179
Statistical Sampling Process
A process that involves dividing sampling data into two categories.. attribute and variable… each of which is gathered according to sampling plans. A corrective actions are taken in response to analysis of statistical sampling and other quality control activities, and as trend analysis is perfomred, defects and process variablility should be reduced
180
Statistical Sampling
Choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
181
supportive PMO
Type of PMO that provides a consultative role to projects by supplying templates, best practices, training, access to info and lessons learned from other projects
182
SV
Schedule Variance - A measure of schedule performance expresses as the difference between the earned value and the planned value
183
SWOT Analysis
An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization, project or option
184
T&M contract
Time and Material - A type of contract that is a hybrid contractual arrangement containing aspects of both costs - reimbursable and fixed price contracts
185
T-shaped
Refers to a person with one deep area of specialization and broad ability in the rest of the skills required by the team
186
Tactic Knowledge
Personal knowledge that can be difficult to aritculate and share such a belies, experience, and insights.
187
Team Charter
A doc that records the team values, agreements, and operating guidelines as well as establishing clear expectations regarding acceptable behaviour by project team members
188
Team Agreement
A legal contractual agreement between two or more parties to form a joint venture or any other arrangement as defined by the parties to meet the requirements of a business opportunity. The parties can be internal or external to the organization executing the project
189
Team Contract
A type of xontract that engages the vendor to deliver a set amount of service-measured in staff hours or a similar unit over a set period of time
190
Three point estimating
A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average or weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimated when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates
191
Tolerance
The quantified desription of acceptable variation for the quality requirement
192
Total Float
The amoun of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint
193
TQM
Total Quality Management - An approach to improve business results through an emphasis on customer satisfaction, employee development, and processes rather than on functions
194
Transfer
A **strategy for managing negative risks** or threats that involves shifting the impact and ownership of the risk to a third party adn paying a risk premium to the party taking on the liability of the risk
195
Trend Analysis
An analytical technique that uses mathmathical models to forecast future outcomes based on historical results
196
Trigger Condition
An event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur
197
Unique identification code
A specific configuration of a code of accounts that assigns a particular alphanumeric sequence of characters to each element of a WBS
198
User Story
A brief description of deliverable balue for a specific usre. It is a promise for a conversation to clarify details
199
Value Stream Mapping
A lean enterprise technique used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of info or materials required to produces a product or service for a customer
200
value stream
An organizations construct that focuses on a the flow of value to customers through the delivery of specific products or services
201
Variable Sampling Data
Data from a sample that is measured on a continuous scale sucha as time, temp, or weight
