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Wilderness First Responder > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

Need to know terms.

1
Q

Abandonment

A

Ending the rescuer/patient relationship at a time when care is still needed.

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2
Q

Acetaminophen

A

An analgesic used to treat mild to moderate pain and to reduce fever.

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3
Q

Acute Mountain Sickness

A

A mild form of HACE characterized by mild headache, fatigue, and nausea.

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4
Q

Acute Stress Response (ASR)

A

Autonomic nervous system-controlled response to physical or emotional stress that can cause severe, but temporary and reversible, changes in vital signs. ASR can mimic respiratory distress, shock, and brain failure.

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5
Q

Advanced Directives

A

A legal written document outlining a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment.

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6
Q

Advanced Life Support

A

The emergency treatment of major critical system problems using medications and advanced procedures (i.e., intubation).

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7
Q

Albuterol

A

A medication used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in patients with asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases.

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8
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Severe systemic allergic reaction capable of causing generalized edema (swelling), vascular and volume shock, and respiratory distress secondary to upper airway swelling and lower airway constriction.

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9
Q

Antivenom

A

An antiserum containing antibodies against specific poisons, especially those in the venom of snakes, spiders, and scorpions.

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10
Q

Aspirin

A

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation. It falls in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class. It is important to note that aspirin suppresses the normal functioning of platelets (a.k.a. blood thinner). Should not be given to trauma patients where bleeding is on the problem or anticipated problem list.

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11
Q

Asthma

A

A chronic inflammatory disease that can cause acute episodes of lower airway constriction and respiratory distress.

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12
Q

Authorization

A

Permission to use the certification and scope of practice in a particular setting.

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13
Q

Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)

A

A portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. In the presence of these arrythmias, an AED applies electricity which stops the heart and allows the heart to reestablish an effective rhythm (a reboot).

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14
Q

Bag Valve Mask

A

A hand-held device used to provide positive pressure ventilations to patients.

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15
Q

Basic Life Support

A

The generic process of supporting the functions of the Circulatory, Respiratory, and Nervous systems using CPR, bleeding control, and spine stabilization.

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16
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Action of the lower airways (bronchial tubes) that result in spasms and constrict.

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17
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Loss of effective heart function, which results in cessation of functional circulation.

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18
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.

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19
Q

Cetirizine

A

An antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergies, hay fever, and the common cold.

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20
Q

Circulatory System

A

An organ system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.

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21
Q

Column Injury

A

Injury to the spinal column as evidenced by tenderness, wound, and/or deformity.

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22
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

Swelling within a confined body compartment, like the connective tissue compartments in the leg or inside the skull, that results in ischemia.

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23
Q

Compensated Volume Shock

A

Condition in which the body is successfully maintaining enough pressure to adequately perfuse vital organs.

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24
Q

Cord Injury

A

Injury to the spinal cord as evidenced by abnormal motor and sensory function.

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25
Q

Decompensated Volume Shock

A

Condition in which the body is unable to maintain adequate pressure to perfuse vital organs in the presence of low blood volume. This presents in patients as significantly altered mental status or reduced level of consciousness.

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26
Q

Diabetes

A

A disease resulting in the inability to produce the appropriate amount of insulin in response to rising blood sugar levels in the blood.

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27
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

An antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergies, hay fever, and the common cold.

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28
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from its joint.

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29
Q

Duty to Act

A

Required action to respond in an emergency when a major component of the job description or is required by contractual agreement.

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30
Q

Epinephrine

A

The synthetic form of the hormone adrenalin. Used to constrict blood vessels and dilate airway tubes. The fix for anaphylaxis.

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31
Q

Expressed Consent

A

Permission from the patient allowing a rescuer to do an assessment or render care.

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32
Q

Frostbite

A

Frozen tissue. May be superficial or deep.

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33
Q

Generic to Specific Principle

A

An assessment tactic that intentionally moves from a generic diagnosis to one that is more specific after ruling out possible diagnoses. It is important to remember that the most important diagnosis is serious or not serious.

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34
Q

Good Samaritan

A

Someone who voluntarily helps some else who is in distress.

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35
Q

High Altitude Cerebral Edema

A

A medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid due to less available oxygen at altitude.

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36
Q

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

A

A medical condition in which the lungs leak fluid due to less available oxygen at altitude.

37
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

38
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Abnormally high body core temperature.

39
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

40
Q

Hyponatremia

A

low blood salts

41
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormally low body core temperature.

42
Q

Ibuprofen

A

A NSAID used to treat fever and mild to severe pain.

43
Q

Ideal to Real Principle

A

A concept that reminds rescuers to get as close to ideal as possible under the given circumstances. In most cases, the ideal is not possible, and rescuers must forgive themselves for not being able to provide the ideal treatment and move on with a real plan that reduces risk and increases benefit for all involved.

44
Q

Implied Consent

A

Implicit permission that allows a rescuer to perform an assessment and render care for minors and those with reduced level of consciousness or altered mental status.

45
Q

Increased Intracranial Pressure

A

Anything that causes intracranial swelling or bleeding will increase pressure inside the skull. Tumor growth and excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can also cause increased intracranial pressure. Increased intracranial pressure causes brain failure.

46
Q

Infarction

A

Tissue death caused by ischemia. Tissue death not caused by ischemia is referred to as necrosis.

47
Q

Ischemia

A

Tissue starvation; Local loss of perfusion due to swelling, deformity, or obstruction; can result in infarction.

48
Q

Level of Consciousness

A

Describes the level of brain function in terms of responsiveness to specific stimuli (AVPU scale): A = awake, V = responds to verbal stimuli, P = responds to painful stimuli, U = unresponsive to any stimuli.

49
Q

Litter

A

A device used to transport a patient. It is essentially a stretcher with a raised edge.

50
Q

Local Toxin

A

Swelling and pain in a particular area followed by exposure to a toxin.

51
Q

Mental Status

A

Describes the level of brain function.

52
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

An organic system consisting of muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones used to support/provide protection and move the body.

53
Q

Nervous System

A

A complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.

54
Q

Neurotoxin

A

A toxin that affects the nervous system by inhibiting nerve cells.

55
Q

Neurovascular Bundle

A

An artery, vein, and nerve combination routed through the body together.

56
Q

Opioid

A

A substance that reduces the brain’s ability to respond to pain impulses from the site of the injury.

57
Q

Oxygenation

A

Oxygen transferred from the lungs to the blood and from the blood to the cells.

58
Q

Patient Assessment System

A

A system of surveys including Scene Size Up, Primary Assessment, and Secondary Assessment designed to gather information about an injured or ill patient and the environment in which the patient is found.

59
Q

Perfusion

A

The generation of enough pressure in the circulatory system to force blood around the body and through the capillary beds where oxygen can be delivered to cells and metabolic wastes can be removed.

60
Q

Prednisone

A

A corticosteroid medication used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation in conditions such as asthma, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases.

61
Q

Primary Assessment

A

A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats.

62
Q

Probability vs Consequence Principle

A

A risk management tool used to assess the level of risk and the needs for mitigation.

63
Q

Raynaud’s Syndrome

A

A disorder that causes the blood vessels to constrict in cold environments resulting in temporary ischemia.

64
Q

Respiratory Arrest

A

Absence of breathing; a.k.a. apnea.

65
Q

Respiratory Distress

A

Difficulty breathing, but the respiratory system is still able to adequately oxygenate the blood to maintain brain function. The patient remains awake and responsive. Any mental status changes are mild or primarily due to ASR.

66
Q

Respiratory Failure

A

Difficulty breathing where the respiratory system is not able to adequately oxygenate the blood to maintain brain function. The patient will have altered mental status or reduced level of consciousness.

67
Q

Respiratory System

A

A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

68
Q

Risk vs Benefit Principle

A

A risk management tool used to aid in the decision-making process.

69
Q

Scene Size-Up

A

A step within the Patient Assessment System that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care. This regularly needs to be reassessed in a dynamic wilderness environment.

70
Q

Scope of Practice

A

The skills, techniques, and procedures that are allowed at a particular level of training.

71
Q

Secondary Assessment

A

The Secondary Assessment takes place after immediate life threats have been treated or ruled out. The secondary Assessment is a thorough assessment to identify more subtle, yet still important, injuries or illnesses.

72
Q

Seizure

A

Uncoordinated electrical activity in the brain.

73
Q

Shock

A

Inadequate perfusion pressure in the circulatory system, resulting in inadequate tissue oxygenation.

74
Q

Spine Assessment

A

A specific assessment aimed at identifying if a spine injury exists and what type.

75
Q

Spine Board

A

An extrication tool used to transport a patient.

76
Q

Spine Injury

A

An injury to the spinal column, spinal cord, or both.

77
Q

Standard of Care

A

The level and type of care that a reasonably competent and skilled provider would perform under similar circumstances.

78
Q

Stroke

A

Localized brain ischemia, typically caused by a clot or bleed, that results in partial loss of brain function. Capable of causing elevated intracranial pressure.

79
Q

Systemic Toxin

A

A toxin that affects the body as a whole.

80
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Process of the body maintaining a stable internal temperature under various conditions.

81
Q

Tissue Toxin

A

A toxin that damages and destroys tissue cells.

82
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury

A

A blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain tissue.

83
Q

Trench Foot

A

Inflammation due to ischemia and necrosis caused by cold-induced vasoconstriction during prolonged exposure to cold and wet conditions. Also called immersion foot.

84
Q

Vacuum Mattress

A

An extrication tool used to provide rigid support to spine injured patients. Can also be used for other injuries and illnesses.

85
Q

Vascular Shock

A

Shock due to the dilation of blood vessels / loss of vascular tone.

86
Q

Volume Shock

A

Shock due to the loss of blood volume.

87
Q

Wilderness Context

A

A situation where access to definitive medical care is delayed by distance, logistics, or danger.

88
Q

Wilderness Protocol

A

An expanded scope of practice that can be used in the wilderness context.

Wilderness First Responder (11 decks)

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