TERMS Flashcards
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
OBESITY
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Kinesiology
A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.
Evidence-based practice
a process of subjecting an author’s scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field
Peer-reviewed research
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body
Musculoskeletal system
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability
Deconditioned
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9
Overweight
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships
Muscle imbalance
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement
Joint stability
BMI = 25.0-29.9
Overweight
BMI = 30.0 or greater
Obese
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation
Socioeconomic status
The state of having a disease
Morbidity
A state or a risk of death or dying
Mortality
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium in relation to the surrounding environment and the regular tasks it is required to perform
Homeostasis
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health (defined by WHO):
any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body
Disease
any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury
Risk factor
a waxy, fatlike, substance found in found in blood (bodily cells) that is made up of a combination of protein and fatty acids, known as a lipoprotein
Cholesterol
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel
Stroke
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction
Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs
Heart failure
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body
Heart valve problem
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern
Arrhythmia
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
Ischemic heart disease
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow
Atherosclerosis
bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g. golfing gardening, and walking a dog)
Physical Activity
Consistently elevated blood pressure
Hypertension
the pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is CONTRACTING (top number recorded)
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein
Diabetes
the simplest form of carbohydrate use by the body of energy
Glucose
the inability of the cells to respond to insulin; occurs in type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance
a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body
Cancer
a general term to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (nonreversible) asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a group of hormones secreted by the brain that provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain
Endorphins
the type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement
Skeletal muscle
the stretching or tearing of ligaments
Sprain
an inflammation of the fibrous tissue (plantar fascia) along the bottom of the foot, which often results in intense heel pain
Plantar fasciitis
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shin bone).
Patellar tendonitis
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee
Medical cruciate ligament (MCL)
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissues rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder.
Shoulder impingement syndrome
the various monetary requirements associated with the day-to-day running of a business
Operational costs
an exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods
High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action
Adherence
an individual who has been identified as a potential client
Prospect
a system for learning about the needs of a potential client to be able to identify and present a number of solutions for those needs
Sales process
nondirective questions that can’t be answered with a simple yes or no answer; they require critical thinking to formulate a response
Open-ended questions
a rapport-building technique where fitness professionals walk around the gym floor talking to members without overly presenting a sale
Working the floor
a relationship in which two people understand each other’s ideas, have respect for one another, and communicate well
Rapport
a business management technique that helps predict how much work is needed to meet a revenue goal
Forecasting
Highlighting unique skills or traits during a sales presentation that allow an individual to stand out from the competition
Unique selling proposition (USP)
A product or service identified by specific, unique characteristics.
Brand
A professional development technique that helps individuals identify their personal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities for growth, and potential threats to success
SWOT analysis
An area of science that focuses on people, and in particular, how the mind and feelings may influence behaviors
Psychology
the level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action
Adherence
the intensity and direction of someone’s effort to participate in an activity or engage in a behavior
Motivation
the social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation
Socioeconomic status
describes when someone is not motivated to engage in an activity or behavior
Amotivation
when someone participates in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from other
Extrinsic motivation
when people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction
Intrinsic motivation
A professional who is licensed to therapeutically manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body through physical touch
Licensed massage therapist
A practitioner who is educated in many areas of physical rehabilitation
Physical therapist
A professional who often works alongside physicians and medical technicians to help diagnose and treat sports injuries
Athletic trainer
A licensed healthcare professional who primarily deals with conditions relating to spinal alignment
Chiropractor
Treat each colleague and client with the utmost respect and dignity
Professionalism
Maintain adequate liability insurance
Business Practice
Store and dispose of client records in a secure manner
Confidentiality
Accept complete responsibility for one’s actions
Lethal and Ethical
Goals focused on the end result
Outcome goals
refers to the process of goal pursuit
Process goals
the intentional ways that people assist others in achieving a specific behavior
Social support
a specific form of anxiety that occurs in individuals who perceive that others could be negatively evaluating their physique
Social physique anxiety
Describes a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation
Ambivalence
The actions that directly facilitate a behavior to happen. In the context of exercise, instrumental support can include driving a person to a health club or paying for the gym membership.
Instrumental support
The encouragement and positive reinforcement that is provided from an individual to another, which includes being caring, empathetic, and showing concern.
Emotional support
The ability to identify with another person’s feelings, attitudes, or thoughts.
Empathy
Providing accurate, current, and informative information
Informational support
When someone engages in a behavior with an individual. This type of support is often observed in an exercise setting where people exercise with a friend or partner
Companionship support
The way someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially.
Self-esteem
The way someone views their physical self or visualizes their body.
Body image
A sleep disorder in which a person’s breathing repeatedly stops and starts, which disrupts the body’s natural sleep cycle
Sleep apnea
Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).
Physical activity
The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.
Adherence
Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave.
Autonomy
When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction
Intrinsic motivation
A communal space, separate from home or work, where the client experiences their own sense of identity and relationship to others
Third space
Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior.
Behavior change techniques (BCTs)
